Introduction: Eosinophilic cystitis is a rare condition which causes common symptoms and may mimic other conditions. Eosinophilic cystitis has several causes such as hypereosinophilic syndrome, inflammatory diseases, neoplasia, parasites or fungal infection, IgE-related diseases, Drug Reaction and Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) syndrome, or Churg-Strauss syndrome. Therefore, differential diagnosis is difficult.
Case presentation: We report the case of a middle-aged man affected by eosinophilic cystitis with persistent hematuria and other peculiar symptoms that may be brought back to hypereosinophilic crisis.
Conclusion: Conservative approach is preferred, avoiding radical cystectomy rather than corticosteroid, antihistaminic and second line therapy. Hyperbaric therapy is an innovative approach for severe relapsing gross hematuria without specific literature and should be studied for further indications.
Keywords: conservative therapy; eosinophilic cystitis; hematuria; hyperbaric therapy; hypereosinophilic syndrome.
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