Total, free, and bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in patients with periodontitis (stage III): a case-control study

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between total, free and bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, and periodontitis.

Materials and methods: Thirty-nine patients with periodontitis diagnosis and 44 healthy participants were included in this study. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, vitamin D-binding protein, procalcitonin, and albumin levels were measured from the serum samples obtained. Free and bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were calculated. Total, free, and bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were compared between the healthy control and periodontitis groups. The association of total 25 (OH)D levels with periodontitis was tested through univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression.

Results: Total 25-hydroxyvitamin D, bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and free 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were significantly lower in the periodontitis group than in the healthy control group (p < 0.001). In the logistic regression analysis, a significant correlation was observed between total 25-hydroxyvitamin D and periodontitis (p<0.001).

Conclusion: Our study shows that there is a relationship between total, free and bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and periodontitis. In addition, it has been shown that the determination of free and bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels does not provide additional advantages in terms of the relationship between periodontitis and vitamin D.

Clinical relevance: In this case-control study, we examined the relationship between total, free and bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin D and periodontitis. We found lower total, free, and bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in periodontitis patients. It was also found that vitamin D-binding protein may be an important biomarker in the identification of various forms of periodontal disease.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT05343273.

Keywords: Bioavailability; Periodontitis; Vitamin D; Vitamin D-binding protein.