Assessment of particulate matter inhalation during the trip process with the considerations of exercise load

Caihua Zhu; Yubing Xue; Yuran Li; Zhenxing Yao; Yan Li

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161277

Assessment of particulate matter inhalation during the trip process with the considerations of exercise load

Sci Total Environ. 2023 Mar 25:866:161277. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161277. Epub 2022 Dec 30.

Authors

Caihua Zhu¹, Yubing Xue², Yuran Li², Zhenxing Yao³, Yan Li⁴

Affiliations

¹ College of Transportation Engineering, Chang'an University, Middle section of south 2nd Ring Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710064, China. Electronic address: zhucaihua@chd.edu.cn.
² College of Transportation Engineering, Chang'an University, Middle section of south 2nd Ring Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710064, China.
³ College of Transportation Engineering, Chang'an University, Middle section of south 2nd Ring Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710064, China. Electronic address: yaotraffic@chd.edu.cn.
⁴ College of Transportation Engineering, Chang'an University, Middle section of south 2nd Ring Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710064, China. Electronic address: lyan@chd.edu.cn.

PMID: 36587677
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161277

Abstract

A Particulate Matter (PM) inhalation model considering exercise load is established to evaluate the impact of PM on residents' travel health. The study chooses PM detectors to collect PM concentrations at the various transportation space, including walking, bicycle, bus, taxi, and subway. A multiple linear regression model revised by road greening is utilized to study the influence factors that have a potential impact on the PM concentration. The air inhalation model with the consideration of exercise load can be acquired by connecting the heart rate (HR) and individual characteristics. The PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ inhalation for a complete trip of traveler can be estimated using the proposed model based on air inhalation per time unit, travel time, and PM concentration. The analysis results using the experimental data in Xi'an indicate that PM concentrations in taxi carriage, bus carriage, and subway carriage are significantly different from those obtained from environmental monitoring stations. However, the difference is not significant in the locations of sidewalk, non-motorized lane, taxi station, bus station, subway concourse, and subway platform. PM concentration and humidity in background environment have a positive influence on the increase of PM concentration in transportation environment, while temperature and wind speed are negative. The mean values of air inhalation per time unit for male and female using each mode are in the range of 9.6-26.8 L/min and 9.8-27.8 L/min, respectively. Exposure time in non-motorized transportation has a large effect on PM inhalation of travelers, walking connections and waiting in motorized transportation are the main contributing states to PM inhalation of travelers. The results of the study can be used to predict travelers' PM inhalation in completed trips, and provide recommendations for travelers to choose a healthier mode.

Keywords: Particulate matter concentration; Particulate matter inhalation; Transportation environment; Transportation mode; Travel health.

MeSH terms

Air Pollutants* / analysis
Environmental Monitoring / methods
Female
Humans
Inhalation Exposure / analysis
Male
Particulate Matter* / analysis
Vehicle Emissions / analysis

Substances

Particulate Matter
Air Pollutants
Vehicle Emissions