A Review of the Main Classifications of Lumbar Spondylolisthesis

Abstract

Objective: This study was conducted to review the main classifications and to present author's recommendations.

Methods: Review of English language medical literature.

Results: In recent decades, classification systems of lumbar spondylolisthesis have been proposed based on many factors, from essential causes to combinations of imaging features and clinical manifestations; the latter type of system is more clinically practical. We have systematically listed the main types of classification systems in chronological order to make it easier for clinicians to find the type of diagnosis and treatment suitable for their patients and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

Conclusions: Classification systems for lumbar spondylolisthesis have been proposed that have been based on the study of the essential causes or the combination of imaging features and clinical manifestations; the latter type of system is more clinically practical. We still have much work to do in exploring a more applicable classification of lumbar spondylolisthesis.

Keywords: Classifications; Lumbar spondylolisthesis; Pseudo-spondylolisthesis; Spondylolisthesis; Type.