Engineered, Scalable Production of Optically Pure l-Phenylalanines Using Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase from Arabidopsis thaliana

J Org Chem. 2023 Jan 20;88(2):852-862. doi: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02106. Epub 2022 Dec 30.

Abstract

An efficient preparative-scale synthetic procedure of l-phenylalanine derivatives has been developed using mutant variants of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtPAL). After rigorous reaction engineering, the AtPAL-catalyzed hydroamination reaction of cinnamic acids provided several unnatural amino acids of high synthetic value, such as (S)-m- and (S)-p-methoxyphenylalanine; (S)-o- and (S)-m-methylphenylalanine; and (S)-o- and (S)-p-bromophenylalanine at preparative scale, significantly surpassing the catalytic efficiency in terms of conversions and yields of the previously reported PcPAL-based biotransformations. The AtPAL variants tolerated high substrate and product concentrations, representing an important extension of the PAL-toolbox, while the engineered biocatalytic procedures of improved E-factor and space-time yields fulfill the requirements of sustainable and green chemistry, providing facile access to valuable amino acid building blocks.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acids
  • Arabidopsis*
  • Biocatalysis
  • Phenylalanine
  • Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase* / chemistry
  • Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase* / genetics
  • Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase* / metabolism

Substances

  • Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase
  • Phenylalanine
  • Amino Acids