Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of staphylococci other than Staphylococcus aureus from domestic animals and livestock in Africa: a systematic review

Remous Ocloo; Justin Nyasinga; Zubair Munshi; Aisha Hamdy; Tessa Marciniak; Manonmani Soundararajan; Mae Newton-Foot; Wilma Ziebuhr; Adebayo Shittu; Gunturu Revathi; Alaa Abouelfetouh; Andrew Whitelaw

doi:10.3389/fvets.2022.1059054

Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of staphylococci other than Staphylococcus aureus from domestic animals and livestock in Africa: a systematic review

Front Vet Sci. 2022 Dec 13:9:1059054. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1059054. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Remous Ocloo¹, Justin Nyasinga^{2

3

4}, Zubair Munshi², Aisha Hamdy⁵, Tessa Marciniak⁶, Manonmani Soundararajan⁶, Mae Newton-Foot^{1

7}, Wilma Ziebuhr⁶, Adebayo Shittu⁸, Gunturu Revathi², Alaa Abouelfetouh^{5

9}, Andrew Whitelaw^{1

7}

Affiliations

¹ Division of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
² Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.
³ Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation, Pan African University, Nairobi, Kenya.
⁴ Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, The Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.
⁵ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
⁶ Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
⁷ National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
⁸ Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
⁹ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alamein International University, Alamein, Egypt.

Abstract

Introduction: Staphylococci other than Staphylococcus aureus (SOSA) in animals are becoming more pathogenic and antibiotic resistant and can potentially disseminate to humans. However, there is little synthesized information regarding SOSA from animals in Africa. This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of SOSA in companion animals (pets) and livestock in Africa.

Method: This systematic review (PROSPERO-CRD42021252303) was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines, and 75 eligible studies from 13 countries were identified until August 2022. Three electronic databases (Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science) were employed.

Results: The frequently isolated SOSA were S. epidermidis, S. intermedius, S. pseudintermedius, S. xylosus, S. chromogenes, S. hyicus, M. sciuri, S. hominis, and S. haemolyticus. Thirty (40%) studies performed antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST). Penicillin (58%) and tetracycline (28%) resistance were most common across all SOSA with high rates of resistance to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides in some species. Resistance to last-resort antibiotics such as linezolid and fusidic acid were also reported. Limited data on strain typing and molecular resistance mechanisms precluded analysis of the clonal diversity of SOSA on the continent.

Conclusion: The findings of this review indicate that research on livestock-associated SOSA in Africa is lacking in some regions such as Central and Western Africa, furthermore, research on companion animals and more advanced methods for identification and strain typing of SOSA need to be encouraged.

Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42021252303.

Keywords: Africa; Staphylococci other than S. aureus; animals; antibiotic resistance; coagulase-negative staphylococci; non-aureus staphylococci.

Publication types

Systematic Review