Toward a personalized closed-loop stimulation of the visual cortex: Advances and challenges

Fabrizio Grani; Cristina Soto-Sánchez; Antonio Fimia; Eduardo Fernández

doi:10.3389/fncel.2022.1034270

Toward a personalized closed-loop stimulation of the visual cortex: Advances and challenges

Front Cell Neurosci. 2022 Dec 13:16:1034270. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1034270. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Fabrizio Grani¹, Cristina Soto-Sánchez^{1

2}, Antonio Fimia³, Eduardo Fernández^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Bioengineering, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Spain.
² Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.
³ Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, Óptica y Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Spain.

Abstract

Current cortical visual prosthesis approaches are primarily unidirectional and do not consider the feed-back circuits that exist in just about every part of the nervous system. Herein, we provide a brief overview of some recent developments for better controlling brain stimulation and present preliminary human data indicating that closed-loop strategies could considerably enhance the effectiveness, safety, and long-term stability of visual cortex stimulation. We propose that the development of improved closed-loop strategies may help to enhance our capacity to communicate with the brain.

Keywords: brain stimulation; closed-loop stimulation; local field potentials; neural interfaces; visual prostheses.