Objective: to establish cellular immunity in clean-up workers of the Chornobyl accident compared to patients with malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity, oral and laryngeal parts of the pharynx according to the subpopulation organization of peripheral blood leukocytes.
Materials and methods: We examined 112 males, age (56,92 ± 6,17) years (M ± SD), including 26 male clean-up workers exposed at the radiation dose 10-500 mSv; 20 male clean-up workers exposed at the dose range 504-990mSv; 33 patients with malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity, oral and laryngeal parts of the pharynx and 33 non-exposed subjects of the control group. Immune cell subsets analysis was performed by the expression of differential and activation antigens of peripheral blood leukocytes using flow cytometry.
Results: In assessing each group's cellular immunity, there was a decrease in the number of CD19+ B-lymphocytes, CD3+ HLA-DR+ T- and CD3- HLA-DR+ B-lymphocytes, CD3- 16+ 56+ natural killer cells, combined with an increase in the number of CD8+ T-lymphocytes. An increase in the relative number of CD4+ CD8+ T-lymphocytes was determined in clean-up workers (D < 500 mSv) and cancer patients. An increase in the number of CD8+ T-lymphocytes and a decrease in the number of CD4+ T-lymphocytes were observed in clean-up workers (D > 500 mSv), as well as in cancer patients. In addition, a decrease of monocytes, CD3+ 16+ 56+ , and CD3+ TCRαβ+ T-lymphocytes was determined in patients with oncological pathology.
Conclusions: The obtained results show the unidirectionality of changes in cellular immunity in the participants of the liquidation of the consequences of the accident at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant and patients with the investigated oncological pathology, which indicates the formation of persistent violations of antitumor protection in the participants of the liquidation of the consequences of the accident as the basis of oncogenesis. Determining changes in the number of lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, CD4+ T-lymphocytes, CD4+ CD8+ immature T-lymphocytes, the immunoregulatory ratio CD4+ / CD8+, CD3+TCRαβ+ T-lymphocytes and CD3+ 16+ 56+ CTL can have an additional effect on the effectiveness antitumor protection and the probability of oncogenesis risk in immunocompromised individuals.
Meta: vyznachyty zminy klitynnoï lanky imunnoï systemy v uchasnykiv likvidatsiï naslidkiv avariï na ChAES u porivnianni z khvorymy na zloiakisni novoutvorennia porozhnyny rota, rotovoï ta gortannoï chastyn glotky za subpopuliatsiĭnoiu organizatsiieiu leĭkotsytiv peryferychnoï krovi.Materialy i metody. Obstezheno 112 cholovikiv u vitsi (56,92 ± 6,17) rokiv, sered nykh: 26 uchasnykiv likvidatsiï naslidkiv avariï na ChAES, oprominenykh u diapazoni doz 10–500 mZv ta 20 uchasnykiv likvidatsiï naslidkiv avariï na ChAES, oprominenykh u diapazoni doz 504–990 mZv; 33 khvorykh na zloiakisni novoutvorennia porozhnyny rota, rotovoï ta gortannoï chastyn glotky III, IVA i IVV stadiĭ zakhvoriuvannia (grupa pozytyvnogo kontroliu); ta 33 osoby kontrol'noï grupy. Analiz subpopuliatsiĭnogo rozpodilu provodyly za ekspresiieiu dyferentsiĭnykh ta aktyvatsiĭnykh antygeniv leĭkotsytiv peryferychnoï krovi z vykorystanniam protochnoï tsytometriï.Rezul'taty. V usikh grupakh obstezhennia vyiavleno znyzhennia vidnosnoï kil'kosti CD19+ V-limfotsytiv, CD3+ HLA-DR+ T- i CD3- HLA-DR+ V-limfotsytiv, SD3- 16+ 56+ natural'nykh kileriv na foni pidvyshchennia chysla CD8+ T-limfotsytiv.V uchasnykiv likvidatsiï naslidkiv avariï na ChAES (D < 500 mZv) ta onkologichno khvorykh patsiientiv vyznacheno zrostannia vidnosnoï kil'kosti CD4+CD8+ T-limfotsytiv. V uchasnykiv likvidatsiï naslidkiv avariï na ChAES (D > 500 mZv),iak i v onkologichno khvorykh patsiientiv sposterigalosia pidvyshchennia vidnosnoï kil'kosti CD8+ T-limfotsytiv, znyzhennia kil'kosti CD4+ T-limfotsytiv. Dodatkovo v osib, khvorykh na onkologichnu patologiiu vyznacheno znyzhennia pokaznykiv monotsytiv, SD3+ 16+ 56+ ta SD3+ TCRαβ+ T-limfotsytiv.Vysnovky. Otrymani rezul'taty pokazuiut' odnospriamovanist' zmin klitynnogo imunitetu v uchasnykiv likvidatsiï naslidkiv avariï na ChAES i khvorykh na doslidzhenu onkologichnu patologiiu, shcho svidchyt' pro formuvannia v uchasnykiv likvidatsiï naslidkiv avariï stiĭkykh porushen' protypukhlynnogo zakhystu iak pidґruntia onkogenezu. Vyznacheni zminy pokaznykiv limfotsytiv, monotsytiv, granulotsytiv, CD4+ T-limfotsytiv, CD4+ CD8+ nezrilykh T-limfotsytiv, pokaznyka imunoreguliatornogo koefitsiienta CD4+ / CD8+, SD3+ TCRαβ+ T-limfotsytiv ta SD3+ 16+ 56+ tsytotoksychnykh T-limfotsytiv mozhut' chynyty dodatkovyĭ vplyv na efektyvnist' protypukhlynnogo zakhystu ta ĭmovirnist' ryzyku onkogenezu v imunoskomprometovanykh osib.
Keywords: Chornobyl; clean-up workers of the Chornobyl accident; immune system; ionizing radiation; neoplasms of the oral cavity; oral and laryngeal parts of the pharynx.
L. M. Zvarych, D. A. Bazyka, I. M. Ilienko, N. A. Golyarnik, O. V. Liaskivska, O. A. Belayev, V. V. Panchenko, M. O. Vorobyov.