The Effects of Cognitive Training in Healthy Community Residing Thai Elderly: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Muthita Phanasathit; Chaichana Nimnuan; Vitool Lohsoonthorn

doi:10.2147/PRBM.S383526

The Effects of Cognitive Training in Healthy Community Residing Thai Elderly: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2022 Dec 20:15:3709-3720. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S383526. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Muthita Phanasathit^{1

2}, Chaichana Nimnuan³, Vitool Lohsoonthorn¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
² Department of Psychiatry, Center of Excellence in Applied Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
³ Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Abstract

Purpose: Cognitive training intervention (CTI) is defined as any mechanism of action of a non-pharmacological procedure provided to improve cognitive function. CTI in healthy elderly has the potential to improve cognitive function; however, the effects of interactive computerized-CTI in old ages have been inconclusive. The present study aimed to determine the effects of low-technology CTI in community-based populations.

Patients and methods: The study was a 2-arm parallel single-blinded randomized controlled intervention trial. The main outcome measured global cognitive function utilizing the Thai Mental State Examination (TMSE); the minor outcomes were cognitive subdomains and psychosocial outcomes (ie, quality of life and depression). The primary endpoint assessed the treatment effect at the 12th week (T1), while the secondary endpoint evaluated the carry-over effect at the 24th week (T2).

Results: Eighty-six eligible participants were recruited from a senior society on the edge of Bangkok. At baseline (T0), the mean age and TMSE score among CTI (n = 44) and wait-list (n = 42) groups were similar (age; 66.66 ± 5.52 and 67.52 ± 6.46; TMSE; 28.84 ± 1.38 and 28.83 ± 1.12, respectively). For the CTI group, the mean number of cognitive training sessions was 14.82 ± 7.62. By using intention-to-treat analysis at the primary endpoint, the mean difference score of TMSE in the CTI group was significantly higher than the wait-list group (∆TMSE_{between group} at T1-T0 = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.07 to 1.08), while the effect size was 0.48. At the secondary endpoint, there was no significant difference observed between the CTI and wait-list groups (∆TMSE_{between group} at T2-T0 = 0.33; 95% CI = -0.23 to 0.88), while the effect size was 0.25. The cognitive subdomains and psychosocial outcomes were discovered with no significant difference.

Conclusion: CTI showed significant treatment effect for improvement in global cognitive function in healthy Thai elderly but did not demonstrate carry-over effect. This study provided preliminary evidence of the feasibility of implementing low-technology CTI in middle-income countries.

Keywords: cognitive functions; community; elderly; healthy; randomized controlled trial.

Publication types

Case Reports
Clinical Trial

Grants and funding

This study was funded by the National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT): FY2017 Thesis Grant for Doctoral Degree Students and the 90th Anniversary of Chulalongkorn University Fund, Batch 33 (4/2016).