Identification and antibiotic pattern analysis of bacillary dysentery causing bacteria isolated from stool samples of infected patients

Abul Fazel Mohammad Aminul Huq; Sudhangshu Kumar Biswas; Mohammad Moinuddin Sheam; Shifath Bin Syed; Mohammad Toufiq Elahi; Swee-Seong Tang; Mohammad Mizanur Rahman; Apurba Kumar Roy; Dipak Kumar Paul

doi:10.1007/s11756-022-01299-x

Identification and antibiotic pattern analysis of bacillary dysentery causing bacteria isolated from stool samples of infected patients

Biologia (Bratisl). 2023;78(3):873-885. doi: 10.1007/s11756-022-01299-x. Epub 2022 Dec 21.

Affiliations

¹ Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, 7003 Kushtia, Bangladesh.
² Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, 7003 Kushtia, Bangladesh.
³ Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural, Human and Natural Resource Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA USA.
⁴ Division of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
⁵ Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, 6205 Rajshahi, Bangladesh.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Bacillary dysentery is a type of dysentery and a severe form of shigellosis. This dysentery is usually restricted to Shigella infection, but Salmonella enterica and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli strains are also known as this infection's causative agents. The emergence of drug-resistant, bacillary dysentery-causing pathogens is a global burden, especially for developing countries with poor hygienic environments. This study aimed to isolate, identify, and determine the drug-resistant pattern of bacillary dysentery-causing pathogens from the stool samples of the Kushtia region in Bangladesh. Hence, biochemical tests, serotyping, molecular identification, and antibiotic profiling were performed to characterize the pathogens. Among one hundred fifty (150) stool samples, 18 enteric bacterial pathogens were isolated and identified, where 12 were Shigella strains, 5 were S. enterica sub spp. enterica strains and one was the E.coli strain. Among 12 Shigella isolates, 8 were Shigella flexneri 2a serotypes, and 4 were Shigella sonnei Phage-II serotypes. Except for three Salmonella strains, all isolated strains were drug-resistant (83%), whereas 50% were multidrug-resistant (MDR), an alarming issue for public health. In antibiotic-wise analysis, the isolated pathogens showed the highest resistance against nalidixic acid (77.78%), followed by tetracycline (38.89%), kanamycin (38.89%), amoxicillin (27.78%), streptomycin (27.78%), cefepime (22.22%), ceftriaxone (22.22%), ampicillin (16.67%), ciprofloxacin (16.67%), and chloramphenicol (16.67%). The existence of MDR organisms that cause bacillary dysentery in the Kushtia area would warn the public to be more health conscious, and physicians would administer medications cautiously. The gradual growth of MDR pathogenic microorganisms needs immediate attention, and the discovery of effective medications must take precedence.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11756-022-01299-x.

Keywords: Antibiotic resistance; Bacillary dysentery; Drug-resistance pattern; Molecular identification; Serotyping.

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