Surface adherence and vacuolar internalization of bacterial pathogens to the Candida spp. cells: Mechanism of persistence and propagation

Fazlurrahman Khan; Geum-Jae Jeong; Aqib Javaid; Dung Thuy Nguyen Pham; Nazia Tabassum; Young-Mog Kim

doi:10.1016/j.jare.2022.12.013

Surface adherence and vacuolar internalization of bacterial pathogens to the Candida spp. cells: Mechanism of persistence and propagation

J Adv Res. 2023 Nov:53:115-136. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.12.013. Epub 2022 Dec 23.

Authors

Fazlurrahman Khan¹, Geum-Jae Jeong², Aqib Javaid³, Dung Thuy Nguyen Pham⁴, Nazia Tabassum⁵, Young-Mog Kim⁶

Affiliations

¹ Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: fkhan055@pknu.ac.kr.
² Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
³ Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, India.
⁴ Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam.
⁵ Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
⁶ Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ymkim@pknu.ac.kr.

Abstract

Background: The co-existence of Candida albicans with the bacteria in the host tissues and organs displays interactions at competitive, antagonistic, and synergistic levels. Several pathogenic bacteria take advantage of such types of interaction for their survival and proliferation. The chemical interaction involves the signaling molecules produced by the bacteria or Candida spp., whereas the physical attachment occurs by involving the surface proteins of the bacteria and Candida. In addition, bacterial pathogens have emerged to internalize inside the C. albicans vacuole, which is one of the inherent properties of the endosymbiotic relationship between the bacteria and the eukaryotic host.

Aim of review: The interaction occurring by the involvement of surface protein from diverse bacterial species with Candida species has been discussed in detail in this paper. An in silico molecular docking study was performed between the surface proteins of different bacterial species and Als3P of C. albicans to explain the molecular mechanism involved in the Als3P-dependent interaction. Furthermore, in order to understand the specificity of C. albicans interaction with Als3P, the evolutionary relatedness of several bacterial surface proteins has been investigated. Furthermore, the environmental factors that influence bacterial pathogen internalization into the Candida vacuole have been addressed. Moreover, the review presented future perspectives for disrupting the cross-kingdom interaction and eradicating the endosymbiotic bacterial pathogens.

Key scientific concepts of review: With the involvement of cross-kingdom interactions and endosymbiotic relationships, the bacterial pathogens escape from the environmental stresses and the antimicrobial activity of the host immune system. Thus, the study of interactions between Candida and bacterial pathogens is of high clinical significance.

Keywords: Adherence; Bacteria; Candida spp.; Interaction; Molecular-docking; Pathogens; Persistence; Treatment strategies; Vacuole.

Publication types

Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Bacteria
Candida albicans / metabolism
Candida*
Membrane Proteins / metabolism
Molecular Docking Simulation
Vacuoles*

Substances

Membrane Proteins