Prediction of bronchodilation test in adults with chronic cough suspected of cough variant asthma

Huijuan Hao; Yilin Pan; Zichong Xu; Zengchao Xu; Wuping Bao; Yishu Xue; Chengjian Lv; Jingwang Lin; Yingying Zhang; Min Zhang

doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.987887

Prediction of bronchodilation test in adults with chronic cough suspected of cough variant asthma

Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Dec 9:9:987887. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.987887. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
² Department of Mathematics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.

Abstract

Background: Many patients with cough variant asthma (CVA) are underdiagnosed and undertreated due to the atypical symptoms, low diagnostic sensitivity of bronchodilator response (BDR), and limited application of bronchial challenge test.

Objective: To investigate whether airway reversibility in BDR can predict CVA diagnosis in patients with chronic cough and negative BDR.

Methods: This open-label, prospective cohort study included patients with chronic cough, nearly normal chest CT scan, and negative BDR results. Inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β₂ agonists were given for 4 weeks. The confirmed diagnosis of CVA was defined as improved symptoms and an increase of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁) by >12% and >200 mL after 4 weeks of treatment.

Results: Of 155 patients recruited, 140 completed the study. Patients in the CVA positive diagnosis group had greater absolute (Δ) and percent (Δ%) improvements in FEV₁ and forced expiratory flows (FEFs), and higher fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) than in the CVA negative diagnosis group. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of ΔFEV₁%, FEF_25-75%pred (percentage of predicted forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75%) and FENO for CVA positive diagnosis was 0.825, 0.714, and 0.637, with cutoff values of 5.90%, 61.99% and 41.50 ppb, respectively. A joint model of ΔFEV₁% combined with FEF_25-75%pred or FENO increased the AUC to 0.848 and 0.847, respectively.

Conclusion: ΔFEV₁% in BDR can predict a CVA diagnosis and response to anti-asthma treatment in patients with chronic cough and negative BDR.

Clinical trial registration: [http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx], identifier [ChiCTR2000029065].

Keywords: bronchodilation test; cough variant asthma (CVA); diagnosis; forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1); fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO).