Clinical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Peri-Implant Parameters around Narrow Diameter Implant Crowns among Prediabetic and Non-Diabetic Subjects

Abdulaziz Alsahhaf; Yasser Alali; Sultan Albeshri; Abdulaziz K A Subayt; Abdullah Alomayri; Tariq Abduljabbar; Fahim Vohra

doi:10.3390/medicina58121839

Clinical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Peri-Implant Parameters around Narrow Diameter Implant Crowns among Prediabetic and Non-Diabetic Subjects

Medicina (Kaunas). 2022 Dec 14;58(12):1839. doi: 10.3390/medicina58121839.

Authors

Abdulaziz Alsahhaf¹, Yasser Alali², Sultan Albeshri³, Abdulaziz K A Subayt⁴, Abdullah Alomayri⁴, Tariq Abduljabbar¹, Fahim Vohra¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
² Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
³ Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Background and Objectives: To compare the clinical, radiographic, and inflammatory peri-implant parameters around narrow diameter implants (NDI) supported single and splinted crowns in non-diabetics and prediabetes. Materials and Methods: The clinical and radiographic parameters and the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) of narrow diameter single (NDISCs) and splinted (NDISPs) crown implants were assessed both in non-diabetics and participants with prediabetes. The glycemic state of the patient was assessed using glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. The peri-implant soft tissue indices (Plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BoP), probing depth (PD)) and marginal bone loss were recorded and compared between the groups. Success of the prosthesis was assessed by the frequency of technical complications and patient satisfaction. Inter-group comparison was performed using ANOVA (one-way analysis of variance) while the normal distribution of dependent variables was calculated using Shapiro-Wilk. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Sixty participants (30 non-diabetics and 30 with prediabetes) with a total of 178 (118 NDISCs and 60 NDISPs) platform-switched NDIs were a part of the study. Of the 118 NDISCs, 56 were placed in the non-diabetic individuals and 62 were placed in the prediabetes group whereas 30 NDISPs each were placed in both the study groups. The clinical parameters of PI, BoP and PD in the single crown and splinted crown groups showed comparable results. However, a statistically significant difference (p-value of less than 0.05) in PI, BoP and PD and in the values of IL-6 and TNF-α was found when a comparison was made between the non-diabetes and prediabetes group. A total of 91% of the patients were satisfied with the esthetics of the implants while 79% of the patients showed satisfaction with function. Conclusions: All the clinical and radiographic parameters were statistically similar in both single and splinted types of narrow diameter implants. However, the bone loss, probing depth, plaque index, and levels of inflammatory markers were statistically higher in prediabetes as compared to non-diabetes implying that a slight hyperglycemic state impacts peri-implant health.

Keywords: interleukins; narrow-diameter dental implants; peri-implant crevicular fluid; prediabetes; splinted crowns.

MeSH terms

Follow-Up Studies
Glycated Hemoglobin
Humans
Interleukin-6
Prediabetic State* / complications
Prostheses and Implants
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Substances

Interleukin-6
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Glycated Hemoglobin

Grants and funding

The authors are grateful to the Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University for funding through Vice Deanship of Scientific Research Chairs, Research Chair for Biological Research in Dental Health.