Axial Spondyloarthritis: Reshape the Future-From the "2022 GISEA International Symposium"

Fausto Salaffi; Cesare Siragusano; Alessandra Alciati; Giulia Cassone; Salvatore D'Angelo; Serena Guiducci; Ennio Giulio Favalli; Fabrizio Conti; Elisa Gremese; Florenzo Iannone; Roberto Caporali; Marco Sebastiani; Gian Franco Ferraccioli; Giovanni Lapadula; Fabiola Atzeni

doi:10.3390/jcm11247537

Axial Spondyloarthritis: Reshape the Future-From the "2022 GISEA International Symposium"

J Clin Med. 2022 Dec 19;11(24):7537. doi: 10.3390/jcm11247537.

Authors

Fausto Salaffi¹, Cesare Siragusano², Alessandra Alciati³, Giulia Cassone⁴, Salvatore D'Angelo⁵, Serena Guiducci⁶, Ennio Giulio Favalli^{7

8}, Fabrizio Conti⁹, Elisa Gremese¹⁰, Florenzo Iannone¹¹, Roberto Caporali^{7

8}, Marco Sebastiani⁴, Gian Franco Ferraccioli¹², Giovanni Lapadula¹¹, Fabiola Atzeni²

Affiliations

¹ Rheumatology Clinic, Ospedale Carlo Urbani, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60035 Jesi, Italy.
² Rheumatology Unit, Department of Experimental and Internal Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
³ Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hermanas Hospitalarias, Villa San Benedetto Menni Hospital, Como, and Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy.
⁴ Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico di Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy.
⁵ Rheumatology Institute of Lucania and Rheumatology Department of Lucania, San Carlo Hospital of Potenza, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
⁶ Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
⁷ Division of Clinical Rheumatology, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO Institute, 20122 Milan, Italy.
⁸ Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Research Center for Adult and Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
⁹ Lupus Clinic, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Internistiche, Anestesiologiche e Cardiovascolari, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
¹⁰ Rheumatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
¹¹ Rheumatology Unit, Department of Emergency Surgery and Organ Transplantations, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy.
¹² School of Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.

Abstract

The term "axial spondyloarthritis" (axSpA) refers to a group of chronic rheumatic diseases that predominantly involve the axial skeleton and consist of ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, arthritis/spondylitis associated with psoriasis (PsA) and arthritis/spondylitis associated with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Moreover, pain is an important and common symptom of axSpA. It may progress to chronic pain, a more complicated bio-psychosocial phenomena, leading to a significant worsening of quality of life. The development of the axSpA inflammatory process is grounded in the complex interaction between genetic (such as HLA B27), epigenetic, and environmental factors associated with a dysregulated immune response. Considering the pivotal contribution of IL-23 and IL-17 in axSpA inflammation, the inhibition of these cytokines has been evaluated as a potential therapeutic strategy. With this context, here we discuss the main pathogenetic mechanisms, therapeutic approaches and the role of pain in axSpA from the 2022 International GISEA/OEG Symposium.

Keywords: axial spondyloarthritis; pain; pathogenesis; therapy.

Publication types

Review

Grants and funding

This research received no external funding.