Utilization of Genetic Resources, Genetic Diversity and Genetic Variability for Selecting New Restorer Lines of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Mamdouh M A Awad-Allah; Wafaa W M Shafie; Moodi Saham Alsubeie; Aishah Alatawi; Fatmah Ahmed Safhi; Salha Mesfer ALshamrani; Doha A Albalawi; Hadba Al-Amrah; Dikhnah Alshehri; Rana M Alshegaihi; Mohammed A Basahi; Abdurrahman S Masrahi

doi:10.3390/genes13122227

Utilization of Genetic Resources, Genetic Diversity and Genetic Variability for Selecting New Restorer Lines of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Genes (Basel). 2022 Nov 27;13(12):2227. doi: 10.3390/genes13122227.

Affiliations

¹ Rice Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt.
² Central Laboratory for Design and Statistical Analysis Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt.
³ Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71421, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 2795, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia.
⁸ Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
⁹ Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21493, Saudi Arabia.
¹⁰ College of Science and Arts Sajir, Shaqra University, P.O. Box 33, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia.
¹¹ Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Exploration of and understanding diversity and variability in genotypes of germplasm determines the success of rice improvement programs. One of the most important determinants of the success of breeding programs is genetic diversity and inheritance of traits. Genetic variability analysis helps breeders to determine the appropriate selection method and standards to be used to improve the preferred trait. The aim of this study was to estimate genetic components, heritability and to obtain information about genetic diversity using cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Twenty rice genotypes with three replicates in a randomized complete block design were analyzed at the Experimental Farm at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt, during the period from 2017 to 2020. The results of the analysis of variance showed that highly significant variations were recorded between the studied genotypes for all traits. The genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV%) and phenotypic (PCV%) coefficient of variation were moderate for plant height, panicles/plant, panicle weight, spikelets/panicle, filled grains/panicle, grain yield/plant and amylose content percentage for the first-year, second-year and combined data. This indicates the existence of beneficial genetic variability that can be exploited to improve these traits. The broad-sense estimates of heritability were high and recorded values higher than 60% for all the studied traits for the two-year and combined data, except for hulling percentage. This indicates that the selection of traits that have high heritability and are less affected by the environment leads to an acceleration of the improvement of these traits. The results from the cluster analysis and principal component analysis revealed a high level of genotypic variation among the studied genotypes and genetic diversity between them. One of the most important outcomes of this study is the successful utilization of genetic resources (germplasm) from ancient varieties and lines of rice in selecting and identifying 17 new restoration lines of rice, which have various improvement purposes in rice and hybrid rice breeding programs.

Keywords: cluster analysis; genetic divergence; genetic variability; principal component analysis; restorer lines; rice.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Genetic Variation* / genetics
Genotype
Oryza* / genetics
Phenotype
Plant Breeding*

Grants and funding

This research was funded by the Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number (PNURSP2022R318), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.