Prevalence and incidence of cyclic vomiting syndrome in Japan: A study using Japanese claims data

Chia-Hsien Chang; Toshiyuki Hikita; Nobuyoshi Takabayashi; Motonobu Sakaguchi

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0279502

Prevalence and incidence of cyclic vomiting syndrome in Japan: A study using Japanese claims data

PLoS One. 2022 Dec 22;17(12):e0279502. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279502. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Chia-Hsien Chang¹, Toshiyuki Hikita², Nobuyoshi Takabayashi¹, Motonobu Sakaguchi¹

Affiliations

¹ Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Osaka, Japan.
² Hikita Pediatric Clinic, Gumma, Japan.

Abstract

Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a gastrointestinal disorder that is characterized by recurrent episodes of vomiting. Previous studies have provided reliable data on the prevalence of CVS among children in Japan; however, neither prevalence data nor incidence of CVS is available for adults. Hence, we obtained detailed prevalence and incidence data for CVS and estimated the total number of CVS cases in Japan. This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using the JMDC (JMDC, Inc.; formerly known as Japan Medical Data Center Co., Ltd.,) database, which is a de-identified Japanese claims database. Individuals enrolled between January 2017 and December 2017 were included in this study. Longitudinal data for eligible populations were used to identify patients who displayed CVS symptoms throughout the follow-up period. Due to the lack of a specific diagnosis code for CVS in 2017, the Rome IV criteria were applied to identify CVS cases in the pediatric and adult populations. The prevalence was standardized to the 2017 Japanese census and extrapolated to estimate the number of CVS cases. A total of 2,093 patients with CVS were identified from 3,506,144 individuals. The overall age-and-sex-standardized prevalence was 0.32 per 1,000 population (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.30-0.34), projected to approximately 49,000 patients with CVS across Japan. The pediatric age-and-sex-standardized prevalence was 2.10 per 1,000 population (95% CI: 2.01-2.19), and the adult prevalence was 0.05 per 1,000 population (95% CI: 0.04-0.06). Marked sex differences were observed before and after 12 years of age. Thus our study provides the first large-population-based estimates of CVS prevalence and incidence in Japan, and currently, the only estimates for adult CVS in Japan.

Copyright: © 2022 Chang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Adult
Child
Cross-Sectional Studies
East Asian People*
Female
Humans
Incidence
Japan / epidemiology
Male
Prevalence
Retrospective Studies
Vomiting* / etiology

Supplementary concepts

Familial cyclic vomiting syndrome

Grants and funding

This work was funded by Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Japan. The funding sources had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.