1 School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; State Key Laboratory of Resource and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. Electronic address: baozhang.chen@igsnrr.ac.cn.
2 Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaption Group, State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Science, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
3 Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France.
4 State Key Laboratory of Resource and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
5 Key Laboratory of Marine Hazards Forecasting, National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Beijing 100081, China.
6 Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Center for Excellence in Tibetan Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
7 Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
8 School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Dynamics Urban Climate and Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 510245, China.
9 Department of Meteorology and Air Quality, Environmental Sciences Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands; Centre for Isotope Research, Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen, Groningen University, Groningen 729700 AB, the Netherlands.