Objective: To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese Criteria of Health Scale for the elderly people. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed among older adults of Meiyuan Community in Haidian District, Beijing and Nanwangkong Village in Qingzhou City,Shandong Province during July 2021. Using a cluster sampling method, totally 667 elderly people were investigated by face-to-face interview, using the scale which was formulated after two rounds of the Delphi method and pilot study. The overall scale includes physical health, mental health and social health subscales, including 9, 52 and 15 items, respectively. Four weeks after the survey, 56 elderly people were randomly selected and repeated the survey with the same method. The test-retest reliability, split-half reliability and internal consistency reliability of the scale were evaluated, and the validity was evaluated at the same time, including construct validity and content validity. Results: A total of 710 questionnaires were distributed and 667 valid questionnaires were obtained, with a total effective rate of 93.94%. The score of the overall scale was 79.79±16.22, the scores of the physical health, mental health, social health sub-scores were 41.64±9.76, 26.82±3.92 and 11.34±5.19, respectively. The scale had excellent reliability. In the test-retest reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the overall scale and each subscale were 0.766-0.861, and the weighted Kappa values were 0.762-0.817. The Spearman-Brown coefficient of the overall scale and each subscale in the split-half reliability were 0.722-0.855 (all P<0.001). The Cronbach's α coefficients of the overall scale of internal consistency reliability and each subscale were 0.748-0.899, and the Cronbach's α coefficients of each dimension were from 0.709 to 0.963(all P<0.001). At the same time, the scale had good construct validity and content validity. The correlation coefficients between the score of each dimension and its sub-scale were larger, from 0.641 to 0.873 (all P<0.05). The cumulative variance contribution rates of the scale and three subscales were all more than 50% of the approved standard. A total of 11 common factors were extracted, and all the load values of each item on the corresponding factors were ≥0.04. Conclusion: The Chinese Criteria of Health Scale for the elderly people has good validity and excellent reliability. It can be used as a basis for the scientific division of the health status of the elderly, the formulation of relevant policies by the government and the provision of appropriate health services for the elderly.
目的： 评价中国健康老年人标准评定量表在社区老年人群中使用的信度和效度。 方法： 采用通过两轮德尔菲法、多轮专家研讨和预试验最终确定的中国健康老年人标准指标制定评定量表，该量表总体健康包括躯体健康、心理健康和社会健康3个子量表，各子量表分别包含9、52和15个条目。采用横断面研究，2021年7月选择中国健康老年人标准项目试点社区即北京市海淀区梅园社区和山东省潍坊青州市邵庄镇南王孔村为研究现场，采用整群抽样的方法，对满足条件的667名老年人进行调查，调查后4周采用抽签法随机抽取56名老年人用相同的方法进行重复调查，评价量表的重测信度、分半信度和内部一致性信度；同时进行效度评价，包括结构效度和内容效度。 结果： 本研究共发出问卷710份，获得有效问卷667份，总有效率为93.94%。总量表健康评分（79.79±16.22）分，其中子量表躯体健康评分（41.64±9.76）分、心理健康评分（26.82±3.92）分、社会健康评分（11.34±5.19）分。量表具有理想的信度，重测信度中总量表及各子量表得分的内部相关系数（intraclass correlation coefficient，ICC）为0.766~0.861、总量表及各子量表分级的加权Kappa值为0.762~0.817；分半信度中总量表及各子量表的Spearman-Brown系数为0.722~0.855（均P<0.001）；内部一致性信度总量表及各子量表的Cronbach′s α系数为0.748~0.899（均P<0.001），各维度的Cronbach′s α系数为0.709~0.963（均P<0.001）；同时量表具有较好的结构效度和内容效度，各维度得分与其子量表得分的相关系数均较大，相关系数0.641~0.873（均P<0.05）；总量表及各子量表的累计方差贡献率均达到>50%的标准，共提取11个公因子，且各条目在相应因子上的负荷值均≥0.40。 结论： 中国健康老年人标准评定量表具有良好的效度、理想的信度，可作为科学划分老年人健康状态、政府制定相关政策以及为老年人提供适宜卫生健康服务的依据。.