PI3K/AKT/mTOR, NF-κB and ERS pathway participated in the attenuation of H2O2-induced IPEC-J2 cell injury by koumine

J Ethnopharmacol. 2023 Mar 25:304:116028. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116028. Epub 2022 Dec 15.

Abstract

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Koumine, an indole alkaloid extracted from Gelsemium elegans Benth, exerts anti-inflammation and antioxidant activities. However, the effects of koumine on intestinal injury induced by H2O2 and its potential molecular mechanisms need larger studies.

Aim of the study: We established an IPEC-J2 cell damage model induced by H2O2 to explore the protective mechanism of koumine on intestinal injury.

Materials and methods: In the experiment, cell damage models were made with hydrogen peroxide. To assess the protective effect of koumine on H2O2-induced IPEC-J2 cell injury, CCK-8, the release of LDH and ROS, transmission electron microscopy and Annexin V-FITC/PI were employed. Western Blot and Quantitative Real-time PCR were used to determine the potential alleviated mechanism of koumine on H2O2-trigged IPEC-J2 cell damage.

Results: The results of CCK-8 and LDH implied that koumine has a mitigative effect on H2O2-induced cell damage via upregulating cell viability and suppressing cell membrane fragmentation. Simultaneously, koumine notably inhibited the level of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and TGF-β), the over-production of ROS along with decreasing the injury of mitochondrion, endoplasmic reticulum and lysosome induced by H2O2. Moreover, koumine dramatically attenuated H2O2-triggered IPEC-J2 cell apoptosis and autophagy. Subsequently, Western blot analysis identified NF-ΚB, PI3K and ERS as possible pathway responsible for the protective effect of koumine on H2O2-stimulated IPEC-J2 cell inflammation.

Conclusions: This in vitro experimental study suggests that koumine suppresses the H2O2-induced activation of inflammatory pathways, oxidative injury, ER stress, apoptosis and autophagy, which provide a rationale for therapeutically use in major intestinal diseases.

Keywords: Apoptosis; Autography; ERS; IPEC-J2; Inflammation; Koumine; NF-κB; PI3K; ROS.

MeSH terms

  • Apoptosis
  • Cell Line
  • Hydrogen Peroxide* / toxicity
  • Indole Alkaloids / pharmacology
  • NF-kappa B* / metabolism
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
  • Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism
  • Sincalide / pharmacology
  • TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases

Substances

  • NF-kappa B
  • koumine
  • Hydrogen Peroxide
  • Reactive Oxygen Species
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
  • Sincalide
  • Indole Alkaloids
  • TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases