Duck hepatitis A virus type 1 transmission by exosomes establishes a productive infection in vivo and in vitro

Guige Xu; Hui Yan; Yanli Zhu; Zhijing Xie; Ruihua Zhang; Shijin Jiang

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109621

Duck hepatitis A virus type 1 transmission by exosomes establishes a productive infection in vivo and in vitro

Vet Microbiol. 2023 Feb:277:109621. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109621. Epub 2022 Dec 6.

Authors

Guige Xu¹, Hui Yan¹, Yanli Zhu¹, Zhijing Xie¹, Ruihua Zhang², Shijin Jiang³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 201718, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Taian 271018, China.
² Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 201718, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Taian 271018, China. Electronic address: rhzhang@sdau.edu.cn.
³ Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 201718, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Taian 271018, China. Electronic address: sjjiang@sdau.edu.cn.

PMID: 36525908
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109621

Abstract

Duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1) infection causes an acute and highly fatal disease in young ducklings. Exosomes are nano-sized small extracellular vesicles secreted by various cells, which participate in intercellular communication and play a key role in the physiological and pathological processes. However, the role of exosomes in DHAV-1 transmission remains unknown. In this study, through RT-PCR, WB analysis and TEM observation, the complete DHAV-1 genomic RNA, partial viral proteins, and virions were respectively identified in the exosomes derived from DHAV-1-infected duck embryo fibroblasts (DEFs). The productive DHAV-1 infection was transmitted by exosomes in DEFs, duck embryos, and ducklings, and high titers of neutralizing antibodies completely blocked DHAV-1 infection but did not significantly neutralize exosome-mediated DHAV-1 infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that exosome-mediated DHAV-1 infection was resistant to antibody neutralization in vivo and in vitro, which might be an immune evasion mechanism of DHAV-1.

Keywords: DHAV-1; Exosomes; Intercellular transmission; Nabs; Pathogenicity.

MeSH terms

Animals
Ducks
Exosomes* / pathology
Hepatitis Virus, Duck* / genetics
Hepatitis, Viral, Animal*
Picornaviridae Infections* / veterinary
Poultry Diseases*