Anti- Acanthamoeba activity of a semi-synthetic mangostin derivative and its ability in removal of Acanthamoeba triangularis WU19001 on contact lens

Julalak Chuprom; Suthinee Sangkanu; Watcharapong Mitsuwan; Rachasak Boonhok; Wilawan Mahabusarakam; L Ravithej Singh; Ekachai Dumkliang; Kritamorn Jitrangsri; Alok K Paul; Sirirat Surinkaew; Polrat Wilairatana; Maria de Lourdes Pereira; Mohammed Rahmatullah; Christophe Wiart; Sonia Marlene Rodrigues Oliveira; Veeranoot Nissapatorn

doi:10.7717/peerj.14468

Anti- Acanthamoeba activity of a semi-synthetic mangostin derivative and its ability in removal of Acanthamoeba triangularis WU19001 on contact lens

PeerJ. 2022 Dec 9:10:e14468. doi: 10.7717/peerj.14468. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Julalak Chuprom^{1

2}, Suthinee Sangkanu¹, Watcharapong Mitsuwan³, Rachasak Boonhok⁴, Wilawan Mahabusarakam⁵, L Ravithej Singh^{6

7}, Ekachai Dumkliang⁸, Kritamorn Jitrangsri⁹, Alok K Paul¹⁰, Sirirat Surinkaew¹¹, Polrat Wilairatana¹², Maria de Lourdes Pereira^{13

14}, Mohammed Rahmatullah¹⁵, Christophe Wiart¹⁶, Sonia Marlene Rodrigues Oliveira^{13

17}, Veeranoot Nissapatorn¹

Affiliations

¹ School of Allied Health Sciences, Southeast Asia Water Team (SEA Water Team) and World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.
² School of Languages and General Education (SOLGEN), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.
³ Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.
⁴ Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.
⁵ Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand.
⁶ Fluoro-Agrochemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, India.
⁷ Chemical Sciences Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India.
⁸ Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
⁹ Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
¹⁰ School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
¹¹ Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.
¹² Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
¹³ CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials & Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
¹⁴ Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
¹⁵ Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
¹⁶ The Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kin-abalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
¹⁷ Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Australia.

Abstract

Garcinia mangostana L., also known as the mangosteen tree, is a native medicinal plant in Southeast Asia having a wide variety of pharmacologically active compounds, including xanthonoid mangostin. In this study, we examined the pharmacological activities of the selected semi-synthetic mangostin derivative, namely, amoebicidal activity, encystation inhibition, excystation activity, and removal capacity of adhesive Acanthamoeba from the surface of contact lens (CL). Among the three derivatives, C1 exhibited promising anti-Acanthamoeba activity against Acanthamoeba triangularis WU19001 trophozoites and cysts. SEM images displayed morphological changes in Acanthamoeba trophozoites, including the loss of acanthopodia, pore formation in the cell membrane, and membrane damage. In addition, the treated cyst was shrunken and adopted an irregular flat cyst shape. Under a fluorescence microscope, acridine orange and propidium iodide (AO/PI) staining revealed C1 induced condensation of cytoplasm and chromatin with the loss of cell volume in the treated trophozoites, while calcofluor white staining demonstrated the leakage of cell wall in treated cysts, leading to cell death. Interestingly, at the concentration ranges in which C1 showed the anti-Acanthamoeba effects (IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.035-0.056 mg/mL), they were not toxic to Vero cells. C1 displayed the highest inhibitory effect on A. triangularis encystation at 1/16×MIC value (0.004 mg/mL). While C1 demonstrated the excystation activity at 1/128×MIC value with a high rate of 89.47%. Furthermore, C1 exhibited the removal capacity of adhesive Acanthamoeba from the surface of CL comparable with commercial multipurpose solutions (MPSs). Based on the results obtained, C1 may be a promising lead agent to develop a therapeutic for the treatment of Acanthamoeba infections and disinfectant solutions for CL.

Keywords: Acanthamoeba triangularis; Amoebicidal activity; Anti-Acanthamoeba activity; Contact lens; Garcinia mangostana; Mangostin; Semi-synthetic derivative.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Acanthamoeba*
Animals
Chlorocebus aethiops
Contact Lens Solutions / pharmacology
Contact Lenses*
Trophozoites
Vero Cells

Substances

mangostin
Contact Lens Solutions

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the the Royal Patronage of Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn—Botanical Garden of Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, under the project entitled: Medicinal Thai Native Plants against Acanthamoeba triangularis as a serious eye infection (WUBG 031-2565) and project CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, UIDB/50011/2020, UIDP/50011/2020 & LA/P/0006/2020, FCT/MEC (PIDDAC). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.