Kidney Failure in Children with Wilms Tumor: A Study Based on Urine Analysis and Ultrasound

Ali Ghasemi; Kazem Ghaffari; Alireza Gohari; Aziz Eghbali; Parsa Yousefichaijan; Vahid Falahati

doi:10.4103/abr.abr_367_21

Kidney Failure in Children with Wilms Tumor: A Study Based on Urine Analysis and Ultrasound

Adv Biomed Res. 2022 Oct 29:11:89. doi: 10.4103/abr.abr_367_21. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Ali Ghasemi¹, Kazem Ghaffari², Alireza Gohari³, Aziz Eghbali⁴, Parsa Yousefichaijan⁵, Vahid Falahati³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biochemistry and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
² Department of Basic and Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran.
³ Clinical Research Development Center of Amir Kabir Hospital, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
⁴ Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
⁵ Clinical Research Development Center of Aliasghar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Background: Renal insufficiency is one of the inevitable complications in patients with Wilms tumor (WT). The purpose of this study was to assess the renal function in children with WT at baseline and every 3 months to 2 years.

Materials and methods: In a descriptive-analytical study from 2018 to 2020, 48 children with WT were included in the study. Urine creatinine (U_Cr), serum calcium (S_Cr), blood pressure (BP), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and urinary protein (U_Pro) were evaluated at baseline and every 3 months during the study. Spot U_Ca/U_Cr and spot U_Pro/U_Cr ratio were calculated. Kidney ultrasonography was used in all patients. Independent Sample t-test and Chi-square tests were utilized to compare age and sex, respectively.

Results: The mean age of patients at follow-up was 7.3 years. There was no significant difference in mean U_Cr, S_Cr, eGFR, 24-h U_Pro, U_Ca/U_Cr ratio, and spot U_Pro/U_Cr ratio at baseline and end of study (P _baseline> 0.05, P _end _of _study> 0.05). Analysis of kidney size showed a statistical association with tumor stage (P < 0.05). Comparison of the kidney size in patients showed that there is a statistically significant difference (P < 0.0001) at baseline and end of the study.

Conclusion: This study showed that as WT progressed, the size of the kidneys increases without any renal insufficiency. Therefore, it seems that urinalysis of patients with WT along with sonography is necessary to determine renal insufficiency and the use of ultrasound alone to determine kidney insufficiency is not recommended.

Keywords: Child; Wilms tumor; renal insufficiency.