Acute and subchronic oral toxicity assessment of extract from Etlingera pavieana rhizomes

Natthakarn Chiranthanut; Nirush Lertprasertsuke; Ekaruth Srisook; Klaokwan Srisook

doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.07.005

Acute and subchronic oral toxicity assessment of extract from Etlingera pavieana rhizomes

Toxicol Rep. 2022 Aug 8:9:1472-1483. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.07.005. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Natthakarn Chiranthanut¹, Nirush Lertprasertsuke², Ekaruth Srisook^{3

4}, Klaokwan Srisook^{4

5}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
² Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
³ Department of Chemistry and Research Unit of Natural Bioactive Compounds for Healthcare Products Development, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand.
⁴ Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand.
⁵ Department of Biochemistry and Research Unit of Natural Bioactive Compounds for Healthcare Products Development, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand.

Abstract

In Southeast Asia, the rhizome of Etlingera pavieana is commonly consumed and parts of the rhizomes have been used as a medicine for the treatment of several disorders. Its pharmacological effects have previously been reported. However, its potential toxicity has not been described. This study aimed to evaluate in vivo toxicity of E. pavieana rhizome extract (EPE) in Sprague Dawley rats. Acute toxicity testing of EPE at a single dose of 2,000 mg/kg produced no toxic effects in female rats after 14 days of treatment. Subchronic toxicity testing showed that all doses of EPE (500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg/day) produced no sign of toxicity during 90 days of treatment. All biochemical and hematological values were within normal ranges. There were no significant histopathological differences in the internal organs among the tested groups. Therefore, the no-observed-adverse-effect level of EPE was 2,000 mg/kg/day in both male and female rats, thereby confirming the safety of EPE for use in traditional medicines.

Keywords: ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; Acute toxicity; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; BW, body weight; EOS, Eosinophil; Etlingera pavieana; HCT, Hematocrit; HGB, Hemoglobin; LYMP, Lymphocyte; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MONO, Monocyte; NEU, Neutrophil; NOAEL, no-observed-adverse-effect level; PLT, Platelet; Rats; Subchronic toxicity.