Vascular access type and mortality in elderly incident hemodialysis patients

Abstract

Introduction: The ideal vascular access type for elderly hemodialysis (HD) patients remains debatable. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between patterns of vascular access use within the first year of HD and mortality in elderly patients.

Methods: Single-center retrospective study of 99 incident HD patients aged≥80 years from January 2010 to May 2021. Patients were categorized according to their patterns of vascular access use within the first year of HD: central venous catheter (CVC) only, CVC to arteriovenous fistula (AVF), AVF to CVC, and AVF only. Baseline clinical data were compared among groups. Survival outcomes were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox's proportional hazards model.

Results: When compared with CVC to AVF, mortality risk was significantly higher among CVC only patients and similar to AVF only group [HR 0.93 (95% CI 0.32-2.51)]. Ischemic heart disease [HR 1.74 (95% CI 1.02-2.96)], lower levels of albumin [HR 2.16 (95% CI 1.28-3.64)] and hemoglobin [HR 4.10(95% CI 1.69-9.92)], and higher levels of c-reactive protein [HR 1.87(95% CI 1.11-3.14)] were also associated with increased mortality risk in our cohort, p<0.05.

Conclusion: Our findings suggested that placement of an AVF during the early stages of dialysis was associated with lower mortality compared to persistent CVC use among elderly patients. AVF placement appears to have a positive impact on survival outcomes, even in those who started dialysis with a CVC.

Keywords: Acceso vascular; Anciano; Elderly; Hemodialysis; Hemodiálisis; Mortalidad; Mortality; Vascular access.