Top-down and bottom-up approaches to low-value care

Affiliations

• ¹ Centre for Implementation Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada apatey@ohri.ca.
• ² School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
• ³ Division of General Internal Medicine, Sinai Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ⁴ Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ⁵ Center for Quality Improvement and Patient Safety, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.