Study of metabolic syndrome indicators in newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus type 2 patients in Pakistani population

Hajra Ahmad; Zaheer Ahmed; Seemin Kashif; Saba Liaqat; Asma Afreen

doi:10.1177/02601060221144140

Study of metabolic syndrome indicators in newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus type 2 patients in Pakistani population

Nutr Health. 2022 Dec 13:2601060221144140. doi: 10.1177/02601060221144140. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Hajra Ahmad¹, Zaheer Ahmed¹, Seemin Kashif¹, Saba Liaqat^{1

2}, Asma Afreen¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Environmental Design, Health and Nutritional Sciences, 66708Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
² School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, 380727University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.

PMID: 36514883
DOI: 10.1177/02601060221144140

Abstract

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) being a biological abnormality confers the highest risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Aim: To assess MetS indicators in the newly diagnosed T2DM Pakistani population.

Methods: A cross-sectional study (N = 123) with newly diagnosed T2DM patients (gender: both, Mean_Age: 49.24 ± 6.84 years) was selected from Medical OPD, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. Basic profile, family history, and physical activity were recorded through a predesigned questionnaire, dietary intake through seven days Food Diary and Food Frequency Questionnaire. Blood pressure and selected clinical signs and symptoms were recorded. Anthropometric measurements included mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-and-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and conicity index. Lab parameters included fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin levels, and lipid profile. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was computed to assess insulin resistance.

Results: Almost all parameters related to MetS were higher than normal. The prevalence of MetS was 59.7%. BMI, MUAC, and WHtR were independently associated with HOMA-IR, but WC, WHR, and the conicity index had no relationship MetS indicators.

Conclusion: The prevalence rate of MetS was found to be 59.7% in newly diagnosed T2DM patients. MUAC was found to be a better parameter for the diagnosis of central obesity and insulin resistance in the selected population.

Keywords: HOMA-IR; Insulin resistance; dyslipidemia; metabolic syndrome; type 2 diabetes.