Differential Effect of Vaginal Microbiota on Spontaneous Preterm Birth among Chinese Pregnant Women

Hui Kan; Yining He; Qing Li; Yutong Mu; Yao Dong; Wei Fan; Miao Zhang; Tianlei Wang; Yaxin Li; Haiyan Liu; Anqun Hu; Yingjie Zheng

doi:10.1155/2022/3536108

Differential Effect of Vaginal Microbiota on Spontaneous Preterm Birth among Chinese Pregnant Women

Biomed Res Int. 2022 Dec 1:2022:3536108. doi: 10.1155/2022/3536108. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Hui Kan^{1

2}, Yining He^{1

2

3}, Qing Li⁴, Yutong Mu^{1

2}, Yao Dong^{1

2}, Wei Fan^{1

2}, Miao Zhang^{1

2}, Tianlei Wang^{1

2}, Yaxin Li^{1

2}, Haiyan Liu^{5

6}, Anqun Hu⁵, Yingjie Zheng^{1

2

7}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
² Key Laboratory for Health Technology Assessment, National Commission of Health and Family Planning, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
³ Biostatistics Office, Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
⁴ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing 246003, China.
⁵ Department of Clinical Laboratory, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing 246003, China.
⁶ Department of Blood Transfusion, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing 246003, China.
⁷ Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.

Abstract

Objective: The effect of vaginal microbiota on spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) has not been fully addressed, and few studies have explored the associations between vaginal taxa and sPTB in the gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and non-GDM groups, respectively. Study Design. To minimize external interference, a total of 41 pregnant women with sPTB and 308 controls (pregnant women without sPTB) from same regain were enrolled in this case-cohort study. Controls were randomly selected at baseline. With the exception of GDM, other characteristics were not significantly different between the two groups. Vaginal swabs were collected at early second trimester. Using 16S amplicon sequencing, the main bioinformatics analysis was performed on the platform of QIIME 2. Vaginal microbiota traits of the sPTB group were compared with controls. Finally, the effects of binary taxa on sPTB in the GDM group and the non-GDM group were analyzed, respectively.

Results: The proportion of GDM in the sPTB (19.51%) was higher than the controls (7.47%, P = 0.018). The vaginal microbiota of pregnant women with sPTB exhibited higher alpha diversity metrics (observed features, P = 0.001; Faith's phylogenetic diversity, P = 0.013) and different beta diversity metrics (unweighted UniFrac, P = 0.006; Jaccard's distance, P = 0.004), compared with controls. The presence of Lactobacillus paragasseri/gasseri (aOR: 3.12, 95% CI: 1.24-7.84), Streptococcus (aOR: 3.58, 95% CI: 1.68-7.65), or Proteobacteria (aOR: 3.39, 95% CI: 1.55-7.39) was associated with an increased risk of sPTB in the non-GDM group (P < 0.05). However, the relative abundance of novel L. mulieris (a new species of the L. delbrueckii group) was associated with a decreased risk of sPTB (false discovery rate, 0.10) in all pregnant women.

Conclusion: GDM may modify the association of vaginal taxa with sPTB, suggesting that maternal GDM should be considered when using vaginal taxa to identify pregnant women at high risk of sPTB.

MeSH terms

Cohort Studies
Diabetes, Gestational* / genetics
East Asian People
Female
Humans
Infant, Newborn
Phylogeny
Pregnancy
Premature Birth*
Vagina / microbiology