Development in Fluorescent OFF-ON Probes Based on Cu2+ Promoted Hydrolysis Reaction of the Picolinate Moiety

J Fluoresc. 2023 Mar;33(2):401-411. doi: 10.1007/s10895-022-03078-y. Epub 2022 Dec 8.

Abstract

Anions and cations have a key role in our normal life. Cu2+ ion is a crucial trace element accountable for the part of several cellular enzymes and proteins, including cytochrome c oxidase, dopamine monooxygenase, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, and ceruloplasmin. WHO has found the extreme acceptable level of Cu2+ ions in drinking water is up to 2.0 ppm. Excess use of Cu2+ ions is associated with various human genetic disorders. Thus, the visualization of Cu2+ ions to avoid its toxic effects in chemical and biological systems is significant. In this review we have summarized sensors based on catalytic hydrolysis of picolinate to detect Cu2+ ions. The sensors based on hydrolysis of picolinate are very selective as compared to the other sensors for Cu2+ ions detection. We have focused on describing the structure, spectral properties, detection limits, and bioimaging model of the sensors.

Keywords: Bioimaging; Copper ions; Fluorophore; Picolinate; Sensors.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Cations
  • Copper* / chemistry
  • Fluorescent Dyes* / chemistry
  • Humans
  • Hydrolysis

Substances

  • Copper
  • picolinic acid
  • Cations
  • Fluorescent Dyes