Identification of novel recombinants and proposed standard reference genomes for phylogenetic classification of canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2): Comprehensive analysis revealing global evolutionary trait

Amina Nawal Bahoussi; Pei-Hua Wang; Zi-Hui Ma; Nikita Rani; Changxin Wu; Li Xing

doi:10.3389/fvets.2022.1030522

Identification of novel recombinants and proposed standard reference genomes for phylogenetic classification of canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2): Comprehensive analysis revealing global evolutionary trait

Front Vet Sci. 2022 Nov 15:9:1030522. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1030522. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Amina Nawal Bahoussi¹, Pei-Hua Wang¹, Zi-Hui Ma¹, Nikita Rani¹, Changxin Wu^{1

2

3

4}, Li Xing^{1

2

3

4}

Affiliations

¹ Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
² The Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
³ Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Major Infectious Diseases, Taiyuan, China.
⁴ The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.

Abstract

Sustained spread and continuous evolution of CPV-2 generate new genetic information; nevertheless, there is no adopted phylogenetic tool, and parvo virologists still refer to the three antigenic variants. Herein, this report attempted to review the evolutionary trait of CPV-2 and proposed standard reference genomes using the Maximum Likelihood-based phylogenetic analysis and Parsimony-Informative Sites. The analysis revealed three main evolutionary pathways where CPV-2 strains cluster into distinct clades depicted as GI, GII, or GIII, respectively. Furthermore, novel CPV-2 natural recombinants were detected, occurring only between the newly identified strains (2017-2020). Those findings provide unique insights into the evolutionary relatedness of CPV-2, clarify discrepancies between different geographic areas and will contribute to achieving a more reliable CPV-2 genetic and evolutionary genotyping classification.

Keywords: canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2); genetic evolution; genotyping; parsimony-informative sites; recombination.