Adrenal nodules for the non-specialist: What to look out for and when to refer

J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 2022 Dec;52(4):350-356. doi: 10.1177/14782715221138467. Epub 2022 Nov 30.

Abstract

Almost all medical specialities utilise cross-sectional imaging of the abdomen to evaluate many different medical conditions. This ever-increasing use of cross-sectional imaging has led to a dramatic increase in the detection rate of adrenal nodules. Following appropriate biochemical and radiological evaluation, the vast majority of these are shown to be benign adrenal adenomas. A small minority are diagnosed with a functional or malignant lesion that may result in significant morbidity and mortality requiring specialist management.

Keywords: adrenal adenoma; adrenal incidentaloma; adrenal nodule; autonomous cortisol secretion; phaeochromocytoma; primary hyperaldosteronism.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adenoma* / diagnosis
  • Adrenal Gland Neoplasms* / diagnostic imaging
  • Adrenal Gland Neoplasms* / therapy
  • Humans