Background: Performance-based physical tests have been widely used as objective assessments for individuals with knee osteoarthritis (KOA), and the core set of tests recommended by the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) aims to provide reliable, valid, feasible and standardized measures for clinical application. However, few studies have documented their validity in roentgenographically mild KOA. Our goal was to test the validity of five performance-based tests in symptomatic KOA patients with X-ray findings of Kellgren and Lawrence (K-L) grade 0-2.
Methods: We recruited a convenience sample of thirty KOA patients from outpatient clinics and 30 age- and sex-matched asymptomatic controls from the community. They performed five OARSI-recommended physical tests and the KOA group answered the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index. The tests included the 9-step stair-climbing test (9 s-SCT), timed up and go (TUG) test, 30-second chair-stand test (30sCST), 40-m fast walking-test (40MFPW) and 6-minute walking test (6MWT). The discriminant validity of these physical tests were assessed by comparisons between the KOA and control groups, receiver operating curve and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The convergent/divergent validity was assessed by correlation between the physical tests results and the three subscale scores of the WOMAC in the KOA group.
Results: The KOA group had significantly worse performance than the control group. The percentage of difference was the largest in the 9 s-SCT (57.2%) and TUG tests (38.4%). Meanwhile, Cohen's d was above 1.2 for the TUG test and 6MWT (1.2 ~ 2.0), and between 0.8 and 1.2 for the other tests. The areas under the curve to discriminate the two groups were mostly excellent to outstanding, except for the 30sCST. Convergent validity was documented with a moderate correlation between the 9 s-SCT and the physical function (WOMAC-PF) subscale scores (Spearman's ρ = 0.60).
Conclusions: The OARSI recommended core set was generally highly discriminative between people with K-L grade 0-2 KOA and their controls, but convergent/divergent validity was observed only in the 9 s-SCT. Further studies are required to evaluate the responsiveness of these tests and understand the discordance of physical performance and self-reported measures.
Keywords: Knee; Osteoarthritis; Outcome measures; Physical function; Validity.
© 2022. The Author(s).