Antimicrobial thermoplastic starch reactive blend with chlorhexidine gluconate and epoxy resin

Nanthicha Thajai; Pornchai Rachtanapun; Sarinthip Thanakkasaranee; Thanongsak Chaiyaso; Yuthana Phimolsiripol; Noppol Leksawasdi; Sarana Rose Sommano; Korawan Sringarm; Tanpong Chaiwarit; Warintorn Ruksiriwanich; Pensak Jantrawut; Araya Kodsangma; Sukunya Ross; Patnarin Worajittiphon; Winita Punyodom; Kittisak Jantanasakulwong

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120328

Antimicrobial thermoplastic starch reactive blend with chlorhexidine gluconate and epoxy resin

Carbohydr Polym. 2023 Feb 1;301(Pt B):120328. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120328. Epub 2022 Nov 11.

Authors

Nanthicha Thajai¹, Pornchai Rachtanapun², Sarinthip Thanakkasaranee³, Thanongsak Chaiyaso³, Yuthana Phimolsiripol³, Noppol Leksawasdi³, Sarana Rose Sommano⁴, Korawan Sringarm⁵, Tanpong Chaiwarit⁶, Warintorn Ruksiriwanich⁷, Pensak Jantrawut⁷, Araya Kodsangma⁸, Sukunya Ross⁹, Patnarin Worajittiphon¹⁰, Winita Punyodom¹¹, Kittisak Jantanasakulwong¹²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Thailand.
² Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, 50100, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; The cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand.
³ Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, 50100, Thailand; The cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand.
⁴ The cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory (BAC), Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Mae Hia, Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
⁵ The cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
⁶ Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
⁷ The cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
⁸ Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (International Program/Interdisciplinary), Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
⁹ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
¹⁰ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Thailand.
¹¹ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Thailand. Electronic address: winita.punyodom@cmu.ac.th.
¹² Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, 50100, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; The cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand. Electronic address: kittisak.jan@cmu.ac.th.

PMID: 36446505
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120328

Abstract

An antimicrobial thermoplastic starch (TPS) was developed by melt-mixing TPS with chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) and epoxy resin (Er). The tensile strength and hardness of the TPSCh blend increased with the addition of Er (TPSCh/Er), especially at 5 wt% Er (TPSCh/Er5) (19.5 MPa and 95 %, respectively). The water contact angle of TPSCh/Er was higher than those of TPS and TPSCh because of the improved interfacial tension. Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses confirmed the reaction between the epoxy groups of Er, hydroxyl groups of starch, and amino groups of CHG. TPSCh/Er5 exhibited a significantly lower CHG release than TPSCh owing to the rearrangement of TPSCh chains via Er crosslinking. TPSCh/Er0.5 and TPSCh/Er1 showed inhibition zones against both tested bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus), whereas TPSCh/Er2.5, TPSCh/Er5, and TPSCh/Er10 showed inhibition zones only against S. aureus. Moreover, TPSCh and TPSCh/Er0.5-2.5 exhibited inhibition zones with Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Keywords: Antimicrobial; Biopolymer; Chlorhexidine gluconate; Epoxy resin; Thermoplastic starch.

MeSH terms

Anti-Bacterial Agents
Anti-Infective Agents*
Epoxy Resins*
Staphylococcus aureus
Starch

Substances

chlorhexidine gluconate
Epoxy Resins
Starch
Anti-Infective Agents
Anti-Bacterial Agents