Generative adversarial network-based deep learning approach in classification of retinal conditions with optical coherence tomography images

Abstract

Purpose: To determine whether a deep learning approach using generative adversarial networks (GANs) is beneficial for the classification of retinal conditions with Optical coherence tomography (OCT) images.

Methods: Our study utilized 84,452 retinal OCT images obtained from a publicly available dataset (Kermany Dataset). Employing GAN, synthetic OCT images are produced to balance classes of retinal disorders. A deep learning classification model is constructed using pretrained deep neural networks (DNNs), and outcomes are evaluated using 2082 images collected from patients who visited the Department of Ophthalmology and the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism at the Tri-service General Hospital in Taipei from January 2017 to December 2021.

Results: The highest classification accuracies accomplished by deep learning machines trained on the unbalanced dataset for its training set, validation set, fivefold cross validation (CV), Kermany test set, and TSGH test set were 97.73%, 96.51%, 97.14%, 99.59%, and 81.03%, respectively. The highest classification accuracies accomplished by deep learning machines trained on the synthesis-balanced dataset for its training set, validation set, fivefold CV, Kermany test set, and TSGH test set were 98.60%, 98.41%, 98.52%, 99.38%, and 84.92%, respectively. In comparing the highest accuracies, deep learning machines trained on the synthesis-balanced dataset outperformed deep learning machines trained on the unbalanced dataset for the training set, validation set, fivefold CV, and TSGH test set.

Conclusions: Overall, deep learning machines on a synthesis-balanced dataset demonstrated to be advantageous over deep learning machines trained on an unbalanced dataset for the classification of retinal conditions.

Keywords: Deep learning; Generative adversarial networks; Imbalance; OCT; Synthesis-balanced.