Nasal vaccines: solutions for respiratory infectious diseases

Trends Mol Med. 2023 Feb;29(2):124-140. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.10.009. Epub 2022 Nov 23.

Abstract

Nasal vaccines induce pathogen-specific dual protective immunity at mucosal surfaces and systemically throughout the body. Consequently, nasal vaccines both prevent pathogen invasion and reduce disease severity. Because of these features, nasal vaccines are considered to be a next-generation tool for preventing respiratory infectious diseases, including COVID-19. However, nasal vaccines must overcome key safety concerns given the anatomic proximity of the central nervous system (CNS) via the olfactory bulbs which lie next to the nasal cavity. This review summarizes current efforts to develop safe and effective nasal vaccines and delivery systems, as well as their clinical applications for the prevention of respiratory infections. We also discuss various concerns regarding the safety of nasal vaccines and introduce a system for evaluating them.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05354024 NCT05205746 NCT04954287 NCT05522335 NCT04816019 NCT04798001 NCT05385991.

Keywords: cCHP nanogel; drug delivery system; nasal vaccine; respiratory infection.

Publication types

  • Review
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Administration, Intranasal
  • COVID-19* / prevention & control
  • Communicable Diseases*
  • Humans
  • Immunity, Mucosal
  • Respiratory Tract Infections* / prevention & control
  • Vaccines*

Substances

  • Vaccines

Associated data

  • ChiCTR/ChiCTR2100051391
  • ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT05354024
  • ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT05205746
  • ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT04954287
  • ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT05522335
  • ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT04816019
  • ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT04798001
  • ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT05385991
  • CTRI/CTRI/2022/02/040065
  • ISRCTN/ISRCTN15779782