Nanomedicine-based immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease

Mehboob Hoque; Arijit Samanta; Syed Sahajada Mahafujul Alam; Torki A Zughaibi; Mohammad Amjad Kamal; Shams Tabrez

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104973

Nanomedicine-based immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease

Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2023 Jan:144:104973. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104973. Epub 2022 Nov 23.

Authors

Mehboob Hoque¹, Arijit Samanta¹, Syed Sahajada Mahafujul Alam¹, Torki A Zughaibi², Mohammad Amjad Kamal³, Shams Tabrez⁴

Affiliations

¹ Applied Bio-Chemistry (ABC) Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Aliah University, Kolkata 700160, India.
² King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
³ King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee place, Hebersham, NSW 2770; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia.
⁴ King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: shamstabrez1@gmail.com.

PMID: 36435391
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104973

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease caused by the deposition of amyloid β (Aβ) fibrils forming extracellular plaques and the development of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) of intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Currently, the AD treatments focus on improving cognitive and behavioral symptoms and have limited success. It is imperative to develop novel treatment approaches that can control/inhibit AD progression, especially in the elderly population. Immunotherapy provides a promising and safe treatment option for AD by boosting the patient's immune system. The minimum immune surveillance in the immune-privileged brain, however, makes immunotherapy for AD a challenging endeavor. Therefore, the success of AD immunotherapy depends mainly on the strategy by which therapeutics is delivered to the brain rather than its efficacy. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a major obstacle to therapeutic delivery into the brain microenvironment. Various nano-formulations have been exploited to improve the efficacy of AD immunotherapy. In this review, the applications of different types of nano-formulations in augmenting AD immunotherapy have been discussed.

Keywords: AD Immunotherapy; AD vaccines; Alzheimer's disease; Aβ immunotherapy; Nanomedicine.

Publication types

Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Aged
Alzheimer Disease* / metabolism
Amyloid beta-Peptides / metabolism
Humans
Immunotherapy
Nanomedicine
Neurodegenerative Diseases*
tau Proteins / metabolism

Substances

Amyloid beta-Peptides
tau Proteins