Large-scale coherent Ising machine based on optoelectronic parametric oscillator

Qizhuang Cen; Hao Ding; Tengfei Hao; Shanhong Guan; Zhiqiang Qin; Jiaming Lyu; Wei Li; Ninghua Zhu; Kun Xu; Yitang Dai; Ming Li

doi:10.1038/s41377-022-01013-1

Large-scale coherent Ising machine based on optoelectronic parametric oscillator

Light Sci Appl. 2022 Nov 25;11(1):333. doi: 10.1038/s41377-022-01013-1.

Authors

Qizhuang Cen^#^{1

2

3}, Hao Ding^#⁴, Tengfei Hao^#^{1

2

3}, Shanhong Guan⁴, Zhiqiang Qin⁴, Jiaming Lyu⁵, Wei Li^{1

2

3}, Ninghua Zhu^{1

2

3}, Kun Xu⁴, Yitang Dai^{6

7}, Ming Li^{8

9

10}

Affiliations

¹ State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
² School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
³ Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
⁴ State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China.
⁵ School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
⁶ State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China. ytdai@bupt.edu.cn.
⁷ Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China. ytdai@bupt.edu.cn.
⁸ State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. ml@semi.ac.cn.
⁹ School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. ml@semi.ac.cn.
¹⁰ Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. ml@semi.ac.cn.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Ising machines based on analog systems have the potential to accelerate the solution of ubiquitous combinatorial optimization problems. Although some artificial spins to support large-scale Ising machines have been reported, e.g., superconducting qubits in quantum annealers and short optical pulses in coherent Ising machines, the spin stability is fragile due to the ultra-low equivalent temperature or optical phase sensitivity. In this paper, we propose to use short microwave pulses generated from an optoelectronic parametric oscillator as the spins to implement a large-scale Ising machine with high stability. The proposed machine supports 25,600 spins and can operate continuously and stably for hours. Moreover, the proposed Ising machine is highly compatible with high-speed electronic devices for programmability, paving a low-cost, accurate, and easy-to-implement way toward solving real-world optimization problems.