Preparation of Novel Nanoformulation to Enhance Efficacy in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease

Santhoshkumar Jayakodi; Hyunjin Kim; Soumya Menon; Venkat Kumar Shanmugam; Inho Choi; Medidi Raja Sekhar; Rakesh Bhaskar; Sung Soo Han

doi:10.3390/biomimetics7040189

Preparation of Novel Nanoformulation to Enhance Efficacy in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease

Biomimetics (Basel). 2022 Nov 4;7(4):189. doi: 10.3390/biomimetics7040189.

Authors

Santhoshkumar Jayakodi¹, Hyunjin Kim², Soumya Menon³, Venkat Kumar Shanmugam⁴, Inho Choi⁵, Medidi Raja Sekhar⁶, Rakesh Bhaskar², Sung Soo Han^{2

7}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science (SIMATS), Chennai 602105, India.
² School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.
³ Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India.
⁴ School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India.
⁵ Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.
⁶ Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kebri Dehar University, Korahe Zone, Somali Region, Kebri Dehar 3060, Ethiopia.
⁷ Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.

Abstract

Despite many efforts over the last few decades, cardiac-based drug delivery systems are experiencing major problems, such as the effective delivery of the precise amount of a drug. In the current study, an effort has been made to prepare a nano-herbformulation (NHF) to overcome the major problem of conventional intervention. Copper oxide-based NHF was prepared using plant extract of Alternanthera sessilis and characterized using physicochemical techniques such as Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), UV-Vis spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). TEM analysis revealed that spherical NHF obtained of size 20-50 nm. In addition, XRD and FTIR confirmed the presence of phytochemicals with biological properties over the surface of copper oxide-based NHF. It was demonstrated that dose-dependent antiapoptotic activity was shown against DOX-induced cardiomyocytes, where ROS levels were significantly reduced to 0.29% from 37.99%. The results of the flow cytometry analysis using PI and Annexin staining further confirmed the antiapoptotic activity of NHF against DOX-induced cardiomyocytes by ROS scavenging. Thus, NHF might be used for cardiovascular disease treatment.

Keywords: H9C2 cell line; ROS scavenging; apoptosis; cardiovascular disease; nano herb formulation.

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) (#2020R1A2C1012586, #2020R1A6A1A03044512, & # 2020R1A6A3A01100150) funded by the Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. The authors also thank the Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, and Forestry (IPET) through the High Value-added Food Technology Development Program, funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA) (321027-5).