Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that exist widely in the human body, which can self-renewal and differentiate into different types of cell. Due to its advantages of tumor tissue tropism and easy to be engineered, it has been widely used in cancer treatment research recently. However, the tumor-promoting or anti-tumor effect of MSCs is controversial, especially for unmodified MSCs. Therefore, researchers are more inclined to use MSCs as carriers to engineer them. With the deepening in understanding of vesicles, it is found that the vesicles derived from MSCs seem to have greater advantages as carriers. Although the current research of MSCs in the treatment of tumors has been initiated in the clinic, there are still many problems to be solved in the pre-clinical application.
间充质干细胞(mesenchyal stem cells，MSCs)是一种广泛存在于人体内的具有自我更新及多向分化潜能的多能干细胞。由于其具有肿瘤组织趋向性、易于工程化操作等优势，近年来已被广泛应用于肿瘤治疗研究。但MSCs的促瘤或抑瘤效果颇具争议，尤其对于未修饰的MSCs。因此，研究者们更倾向于以MSCs为载体，对其进行工程化修饰。随着对囊泡认识的深入，发现以MSCs来源的囊泡作为载体更具优势。目前，MSCs在肿瘤治疗中的研究已经进入临床，但其在临床应用之前仍有许多问题需要解决。.
Keywords: combination therapy; extracellular vesicles; genetic modification; mesenchymal stem cells; tumor treatment.