Molecular Characterization and the Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Salmonella spp. Isolated from Ready-to-Eat Foods in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Adama Patrice Soubeiga; Dissinviel Stéphane Kpoda; Muller K A Compaoré; Asseto Somda-Belemlougri; Ndamiwe Kaseko; Sibiri Sylvain Rouamba; Sandrine Ouedraogo; Roukiatou Traoré; Paulette Karfo; Désiré Nezien; Fulbert Nikiéma; Elie Kabre; Cheikna Zongo; Aly Savadogo

doi:10.1155/2022/9640828

Molecular Characterization and the Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Salmonella spp. Isolated from Ready-to-Eat Foods in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Int J Microbiol. 2022 Nov 9:2022:9640828. doi: 10.1155/2022/9640828. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Adama Patrice Soubeiga^{1

2}, Dissinviel Stéphane Kpoda^{3

4}, Muller K A Compaoré^{2

5}, Asseto Somda-Belemlougri², Ndamiwe Kaseko⁶, Sibiri Sylvain Rouamba^{1

2}, Sandrine Ouedraogo¹, Roukiatou Traoré¹, Paulette Karfo², Désiré Nezien², Fulbert Nikiéma², Elie Kabre², Cheikna Zongo¹, Aly Savadogo¹

Affiliations

¹ Applied Biochemistry and Immunology Laboratory (LABIA), Sciences and Technologies Doctoral School, Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021 03, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
² National Public Health Laboratory, 09 BP 24, Ouagadougou 09, Burkina Faso.
³ Ziniaré University Center, Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
⁴ Laboratory of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology (LAMBM), Sciences and Technologies Doctoral School, Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
⁵ Laboratory of Molecular Biology Epidemiology and Surveillance of Foodborne Agents (LaBESTA), Sciences and Technologies Doctoral School, Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
⁶ Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi.

Abstract

The emergence of antimicrobial-resistantfood-borne bacteria is a great challenge to public health. This study was conducted to characterize and determine the resistance profile of Salmonella strains isolated from foods including sesames, ready-to-eat (RTE) salads, mango juices, and lettuce in Burkina Faso. One hundred and forty-eight biochemically identified Salmonella isolates were characterized by molecular amplification of Salmonella marker invA and spiC, misL, orfL, and pipD virulence genes. After that, all confirmed strains were examined for susceptibility to sixteen antimicrobials, and PCR amplifications were used to identify the following resistance genes: bla _TEM, temA, temB, StrA, aadA, sul1, sul2, tet(A), and tet(B). One hundred and eight isolates were genetically confirmed as Salmonella spp. Virulence genes were observed in 57.4%, 55.6%, 49.1%, and 38% isolates for pipD, SpiC, misL, and orfL, respectively. Isolates have shown moderate resistance to gentamycin (26.8%), ampicillin (22.2%), cefoxitin (19.4%), and nalidixic acid (18.5%). All isolates were sensitive to six antibiotics, including cefotaxime, ceftazidime, aztreonam, imipenem, meropenem, and ciprofloxacin. Among the 66 isolates resistant to at least one antibiotic, 11 (16.7%) were multidrug resistant. The Multiple Antimicrobial Resistance (MAR) index of Salmonella serovars ranged from 0.06 to 0.53. PCR detected 7 resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B), bla _TEM, temB, sul1, sul2, and aadA) in drug-resistant isolates. These findings raise serious concerns because ready-to-eat food in Burkina Faso could serve as a reservoir for spreading antimicrobial resistance genes worldwide.