Hospital Admissions Secondary to Diseases of the Blood, Blood-Forming Organs, and Immune System in England and Wales

Moaath K Mustafa Ali; Abdallah Y Naser; Amal AbuAlhommos; Tamara Al-Daghastani; Hamzeh Alrawashdeh; Saja Mustafa Ali; Hassan Alwafi; Mohammed Mansour Alqurashi; Abdulaziz H Basha Ahmed; Hussein Albarqi

doi:10.7759/cureus.30179

Hospital Admissions Secondary to Diseases of the Blood, Blood-Forming Organs, and Immune System in England and Wales

Cureus. 2022 Oct 11;14(10):e30179. doi: 10.7759/cureus.30179. eCollection 2022 Oct.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Hematology and Medical Oncology/Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Cancer Center, Cleveland, USA.
² Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Isra University, Faculty of Pharmacoepidemiology, Amman, JOR.
³ Pharmacy Practice, King Faisal University, Alhasa, SAU.
⁴ Medical Allied Sciences, Al-Balqa Applied University, As-Salt, JOR.
⁵ Ophthalmology, Sharif Eye Centers, Irbid, JOR.
⁶ Internal Medicine, Saint Agnes Hospital, Baltimore, USA.
⁷ Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Faculty of Medicine, Makkah, SAU.
⁸ Therapeutics and Toxicology, Al Noor Specialist Hospital, Ministry of Health, Makkah, SAU.
⁹ Intensive Care Unit, Ajyad Emergency Hospital, Ministry of Health, Makkah, SAU.
¹⁰ Internal Medicine, Al Noor Specialist Hospital, Ministry of Health, Makkah, SAU.

Abstract

Background Non-malignant hematologic and immune disorders-related hospitalization trends are unstudied despite their importance from a public health standpoint. Therefore, this study aimed to define the hospitalization trends of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10) category diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism (B&ID). Methods We conducted an ecologic study to analyze hospital admission data obtained from England's Hospital Episode Statistics database and Wales' Patient Episode Database. Hospital admissions data for non-malignant hematologic disorders and immune disorders were extracted for the period from April 1999 to March 2019. We used the Poisson model to assess trends in hospital admissions. Results The total annual B&ID-related hospital admission (RHA) rate for all categories increased by 137.9% between 1999 and 2019 (p<0.01). Females accounted for 54% of all B&ID-RHA. Around 37% of B&ID-RHA were seen in the age group of 15-59 years and 29% in the age group of 75 years and above. The most common causes of B&ID-RHA were aplastic and other anemias and other bone marrow failure syndromes, ICD-10 category (33%) and nutritional anemias category (28%). Certain disorders involving the immune mechanism category accounted for the least number of B&ID-RHA (8.4%). The highest increase in B&ID-RHA was seen in the nutritional anemias category (3.86 fold), followed by certain disorders involving the immune mechanism (1.28 fold). Iron deficiency anemia accounted for 95.1% of all hospitalizations secondary to nutritional anemias. Around half of all, hemolytic anemia category hospitalizations were secondary to the sickle cell anemia subcategory. Conclusions Hospital admissions trends in non-malignant hematologic and immune disorders changed dynamically among age groups and gender in England and Wales over the last two decades. Understanding these changes has important implications for public health planning.

Keywords: blood; england; hospital admissions; immune; wales.