New trends in the management of cytomegalovirus infection after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: a survey of the Infectious Diseases Working Pary of EBMT

Bone Marrow Transplant. 2023 Feb;58(2):203-208. doi: 10.1038/s41409-022-01863-8. Epub 2022 Nov 17.

Abstract

The management of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection was assessed with a survey performed in 2020 by the Infectious Diseases Working Party of European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT). One-hundred-eighty of the 579 EBMT centres (31%) responded. CMV monitoring with quantitative PCR for CMV-DNAemia was used by 97% of centres while the duration of monitoring was variable according to the patient immune recovery and the ongoing immunosuppressive therapy. CMV prophylaxis for high-risk patients was used in 101 (56%) of centres: letermovir in 62 centres (61%), aciclovir/valaciclovir in 19 centres (19%), ganciclovir/valganciclovir in 17 centres (17%), foscarnet in 3 (3%). The most used trigger for pre-emptive therapy was a threshold of >103 copies/ml or >103 IU/ml. Ganciclovir/valganciclovir confirmed the preferred first line treatment both for pre-emptive and CMV disease therapy. CMV-cytotoxic T-cells were used mainly in the setting of relapsing/refractory CMV disease. Forty-eight centres reported CMV refractory/resistant infection due to mutated CMV strain.This survey showed that letermovir prophylaxis is adopted by more than half of centres using a prophylaxis approach for CMV infection. How letermovir prophylaxis will modify other important pillars of daily CMV management, such as frequency of CMV-DNAemia monitoring and preemptive therapy, remain a matter of investigation.

MeSH terms

  • Antiviral Agents / pharmacology
  • Antiviral Agents / therapeutic use
  • Communicable Diseases* / etiology
  • Cytomegalovirus
  • Cytomegalovirus Infections* / drug therapy
  • Cytomegalovirus Infections* / etiology
  • Cytomegalovirus Infections* / prevention & control
  • Ganciclovir / therapeutic use
  • Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation* / adverse effects
  • Humans
  • Valganciclovir

Substances

  • letermovir
  • Valganciclovir
  • Antiviral Agents
  • Ganciclovir