Predictive value of C-reactive protein levels for the early and later detection of postoperative complications after cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC

Alexia Roux; Valentin David; Sylvia Bardet M; Emilie Auditeau; Sylvaine Durand Fontanier; Abdelkader Taibi

doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.943522

Predictive value of C-reactive protein levels for the early and later detection of postoperative complications after cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC

Front Oncol. 2022 Oct 25:12:943522. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.943522. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Alexia Roux¹, Valentin David², Sylvia Bardet M³, Emilie Auditeau², Sylvaine Durand Fontanier^{1

3}, Abdelkader Taibi^{1

3}

Affiliations

¹ Visceral Surgery Department, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France.
² University Limoges, Limoges, France.
³ University Limoges, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Multidisciplinary Research Institute (XLIM), Limoges, France.

Abstract

Synopsis: C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cells and procalcitonin (PCT) participate in the systemic response to inflammation and increase after postoperative infective complications. Postoperative complications after CRS and HIPEC could be predicted using the CRP cut-off value (169 mg/L at PODs 3-5 and 62 mg/L at PODs 7-10).

Background: Postoperative elevation of C-reactive protein (CRP) can be used in order to predict the postoperative complications in many indications. Cytoreduction surgery (CRS) associated with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is associated with high morbidity.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to demonstrate the CRP predictive value for the occurrence of complications.

Methods: All patients who had CRS and HIPEC, regardless of the origin of peritoneal metastasis, were included in this retrospective study. Postoperative complications and CRP and white blood cell (WBC) counts were recorded from postoperative day (POD) 1 through 10.

Results: Among the 127 patients included, 58 (45.7%) had no complications (NCs), 53 (41.7%) had infective complications (ICs), and 16 (12.6%) had non-infective complications (NICs). The IC group had a higher CRP value than the NC group, which was statistically significant from POD7 to POD10 (41.1 versus 107.5 p = 0.023 and 77.8 versus 140 p = 0.047, respectively). A cut-off CRP value was 169 mg/L at PODs 3-5 and 62 mg/L at PODs 7-10. The area under the curve (AUC) at POD5 was 0.56 versus 0.76 at POD7, p=0.007. The sensibility, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of these cut-offs were 55%, 83%, 74% and 67%, respectively. Moreover, 17 patients (32%) with ICs had a CRP value higher than these cut-offs before the diagnosis was made by the medical team.

Conclusion: This study suggested that postoperative complications could be predicted using the CRP cut-off value on PODs 3-5 (169 mg/l) and PODs 7-10 (62 mg/l) after CRS and HIPEC.

Keywords: C-reactive protein; HIPEC; cytoreductive surgery; infective complications; non-infective complications; peritoneal metastasis; postoperative complications.