Background: Vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) in girls presents with itching, dysuria, and constipation and may result in the loss of vulvar architecture. In patients with an ambiguous clinical presentation, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) could be a helpful noninvasive diagnostic tool. The aim of this study was to describe the RCM characteristics of VLS and explore the clinical application value of RCM in therapeutic monitoring.
Methods: Sixteen patients with VLS were included in the study. All patients were periodically evaluated clinically with RCM, and different treatment regimens were given based on the patient's clinical appearances and RCM features.
Results: Some major key diagnostic features of VLS can be observed by RCM, including round to oval cyst-like structures with medium-to-low-refractive keratinoid substances (75%), thinning of the epidermal thickness (100%), destruction of the ring-like structures around dermal papillae (100%), disorderly distributed coarse medium-refractive fibrous material (100%),polygonal, plump, high-refractive cellular structures and linear low-refractive canalicular structures (100%). All of these characteristics had a high correspondence with histopathological features. The clinical manifestations improved after individualized treatment regimens based on the clinical appearances and RCM features.
Conclusion: RCM allows the visualization of major key diagnostic features of VLS and represents a valid option for objective therapeutic monitoring.
Keywords: children; histopathology; lichen sclerosus; reflectance confocal microscopy; therapeutic monitoring; vulvar.
© 2022 The Authors. Skin Research and Technology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.