Two SOX11 variants cause Coffin-Siris syndrome with a new feature of sensorineural hearing loss

Abstract

Coffin-Siris syndrome (CSS, OMIM#135900) is a rare congenital disorder associated with neurodevelopmental and dysmorphic features. The primary cause of CSS is pathogenic variants in any of 9 BAF chromatin-remodeling complex encoding genes or the genes SOX11 and PHF6. Herein, we performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) and a series of analyses of growth-related, auditory, and radiological findings in two probands with syndromic sensorineural hearing loss and inner ear malformations who exhibited distinctive facial features, intellectual disability, growth retardation, and fifth finger malformation. Two de novo variants in the SOX11 gene (c.148A>C:p.Lys50Asn; c.811_814del:p.Asn271Serfs*10) were detected in these probands and were identified as pathogenic variants as per ACMG guidelines. These probands were diagnosed as having CSS based upon clinical and genetic findings. This is the first report of CSS caused by variants in SOX11 gene in Chinese individuals. Deleterious SOX11 variants can result in sensorineural hearing loss with inner ear malformation, potentially extending the array of phenotypes associated with these pathogenic variants. We suggest that both genetic and clinical findings be considered when diagnosing syndromic hearing loss.

Keywords: Coffin-Siris syndrome; SOX11; inner ear malformation; sensorineural hearing loss.