Enhancement of the CAST Block Algorithm Based on Novel S-Box for Image Encryption

Rasha S Ali; Omar Z Akif; Sameeh A Jassim; Alaa Kadhim Farhan; El-Sayed M El-Kenawy; Abdelhameed Ibrahim; Mohamed E Ghoneim; Abdelaziz A Abdelhamid

doi:10.3390/s22218527

Enhancement of the CAST Block Algorithm Based on Novel S-Box for Image Encryption

Sensors (Basel). 2022 Nov 5;22(21):8527. doi: 10.3390/s22218527.

Authors

Rasha S Ali¹, Omar Z Akif², Sameeh A Jassim³, Alaa Kadhim Farhan³, El-Sayed M El-Kenawy⁴, Abdelhameed Ibrahim⁵, Mohamed E Ghoneim^{6

7}, Abdelaziz A Abdelhamid⁸

Affiliations

¹ Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Al Iraqia University, Baghdad 10071, Iraq.
² Department of Computer Science, College of Education for Pure Science (Ibn al-Haitham), University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10066, Iraq.
³ Department of Computer Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad 10066, Iraq.
⁴ Department of Communications and Electronics, Delta Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology, Mansoura 35111, Egypt.
⁵ Computer Engineering and Control Systems Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
⁶ Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Damietta University, Damietta 34517, Egypt.
⁸ Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computer and Information Sciences, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.

Abstract

Background and aim: due to the rapid growth of data communication and multimedia system applications, security becomes a critical issue in the communication and storage of images. This study aims to improve encryption and decryption for various types of images by decreasing time consumption and strengthening security.

Methodology: An algorithm is proposed for encrypting images based on the Carlisle Adams and Stafford Tavares CAST block cipher algorithm with 3D and 2D logistic maps. A chaotic function that increases the randomness in the encrypted data and images, thereby breaking the relation sequence through the encryption procedure, is introduced. The time is decreased by using three secure and private S-Boxes rather than using six S-Boxes, as in the traditional method. Moreover, the CAST encryption algorithm was modified to be used on the private keys and substitution stage (S-Boxes), with the keys and S-Boxes of the encryption algorithm being generated according to the 2D and 3D chaotic map functions. The proposed system passed all evaluation criteria, including (MSE, PSNR, EQ, MD, SC, NC, AD, SNR, SIM, MAE, Time, CC, Entropy, and histograms).

Results: Moreover, the results also illustrate that the created S-Boxes passed all evaluation criteria; compared with the results of the traditional method that was used in creating S-Box, the proposed method achieved better results than other methods used in the other works. The proposed solution improves the entropy which is between (7.991-7.999), reduces the processing time which is between (0.5-11 s/Images), and improves NCPR, which is between (0.991-1).

Conclusions: The proposed solution focuses on reducing the total processing time for encryption and decryption and improving transmission security. Finally, this solution provides a fast security system for surgical telepresence with secure real-time communication. The complexity of this work needs to know the S-Box creation method used, the chaotic method, the values of the chaotic parameters, and which of these methods was used in the encryption process.

Keywords: 2D; 3D chaotic map; CAST block; S-Boxes.

MeSH terms

Algorithms*
Computer Security*
Entropy

Grants and funding

This research received no external funing.