Accurate estimation of the frequency component is an important issue to identify and track marine objects (e.g., surface ship, submarine, etc.). In general, a passive sonar system consists of a sensor array, and each sensor receives data that have common information of the target signal. In this paper, we consider multiple-measurement sparse Bayesian learning (MM-SBL), which reconstructs sparse solutions in a linear system using Bayesian frameworks, to detect the common frequency components received by each sensor. In addition, the direction of arrival estimation was performed on each detected common frequency component using the MM-SBL based on beamforming. The azimuth for each common frequency component was confirmed in the frequency-azimuth plot, through which we identified the target. In addition, we perform target tracking using the target detection results along time, which are derived from the sum of the signal spectrum at the azimuth angle. The performance of the MM-SBL and the conventional target detection method based on energy detection were compared using in-situ data measured near the Korean peninsula, where MM-SBL displays superior detection performance and high-resolution results.
Keywords: beamforming tracking; frequency detection; passive sonar system; sparse Bayesian learning.