Hydromorphone for dyspnoea in terminally ill patients with cancer: case series

Abstract

Objective: Opioids can mitigate dyspnoea, but the efficacy of hydromorphone use for dyspnoea in patients with cancer is not well known.

Methods: Patients with cancers with more than mild dyspnoea treated with subcutaneous injection of hydromorphone between March 2020 and February 2022 at Kitano Hospital (Osaka, Japan) were reviewed retrospectively. Only patients who could self-report their symptoms ≥3 days after the start of hydromorphone therapy were included. Dyspnoea severity was rated on a five-point scale (0: 'not bothersome'; 1: 'mild'; 2: 'moderate'; 3: 'severe'; 4: 'overwhelming').

Results: Fifteen patients (2 with moderate, 12 with severe and 1 with overwhelming dyspnoea) were deemed eligible. The median interval from the start of hydromorphone initiation to death was 19 (IQR, 11-37) days. Thoracic drainage and palliative sedation after the start of hydromorphone therapy was undertaken in three and two patients, respectively. At 3 days, the median score of the Dyspnoea Rating Scale was improved significantly from 3 to 2 compared with that at baseline (p=0.0023). The intensity of dyspnoea was improved in 11 patients (73%). Opioid-related adverse events were not observed within 3 days.

Conclusions: Using hydromorphone for dyspnoea in patients with cancer seems to be appropriate if morphine use is contraindicated.

Keywords: Cancer; Dyspnoea; Hospice care; Quality of life.