Purpose: The current study aimed to determine the association between serum uncarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) levels and dietary vitamin K intake in female Japanese athletes.
Methods: The nutritional profile and food group intake of 52 Japanese female athletes were investigated using a digital photographic method with data obtained from 3-day dietary records. The food groups were categorized into 18 groups in line with the standard tables of food composition in Japan. Fasting blood samples were collected for serum ucOC levels, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) evaluated body composition and bone parameters.
Results: The results showed that dietary vitamin K intake level was 235 ± 148 µg/day, and approximately 70% (n = 36) of participants consumed more than the adequate intake (AI) level, based on the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese females aged 18-29. Serum ucOC levels were negatively associated with daily vitamin K intake (r = -0.388, P = 0.004) and calcium (r = -0.596, P = 0.004) after adjusting for energy intake.
Conclusion: Our study revealed that serum ucOC levels were negatively associated with dietary vitamin K intake in female Japanese athletes. Serum ucOC levels reflected dietary vitamin K intake in female athletes. In summary, female athletes consume more vitamin K than the general population to maintain bone health. Furthermore, our results indicated that serum ucOC levels might be linked to dietary calcium intake.
Keywords: bone health; bone quality; dietary habits; female athletes; uncarboxylated osteocalcin; vitamin K.