Virulence Comparison of Four Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) Genotypes (2a, 2b, 2d and 2e) in Pigs Single-Infected with PCV2 and Pigs Dual-Infected with PCV2 and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

Abstract

The objective of this study was to compare the virulence of four porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) genotypes (2a, 2b, 2d and 2e). Pigs were infected with one of these four genotypes. Pigs were also dually infected with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and one of the four PCV2 genotypes. Virulence was determined based on the amount of PCV2 loads in the blood and lymph nodes and the severity of lymphoid lesions. Marked differences in virulence were found among the four genotypes. Within the single infection model, PCV2a, PCV2b and PCV2d were more virulent than PCV2e, while significant differences in virulence were not found among the PCV2a, PCV2b and PCV2d groups. Within the dual infection model, PCV2d was more virulent than the other three PCV2 genotypes. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae potentiated the severity of PCV2-associated lymphoid lesions and increased the amount of PCV2 loads in the blood and lymph nodes, regardless of the PCV2 genotype. By contrast, PCV2 was not able to potentiate the severity of mycoplasmal-induced lung lesions or the level of M. hyopneumoniae laryngeal load. The results of this study demonstrate that PCV2d is of major clinical importance, while PCV2e is of minor clinical importance.

Keywords: porcine circovirus type 2a; porcine circovirus type 2b; porcine circovirus type 2d; porcine circovirus type 2e; porcine circovirus-associated disease; virulence.