Dispensing practices for psychotropic medications amongst pharmacists in Karachi, Pakistan

Shahzain Hasan; Mujeeb U Shad

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11298

Dispensing practices for psychotropic medications amongst pharmacists in Karachi, Pakistan

Heliyon. 2022 Oct 28;8(11):e11298. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11298. eCollection 2022 Nov.

Authors

Shahzain Hasan¹, Mujeeb U Shad^{2

3

4}

Affiliations

¹ Neuro Mind Hospital, Sir Syed University, Sardar Ali Sabri Road, Block-5, Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Karachi, Sindh, 75300, Pakistan.
² Univerity of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
³ Touro University Nevada College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
⁴ Department of Psychiatry, Valley Health System, Las Vegas, NV, USA.

Abstract

Background & objective: Uninformed use of medications can be dangerous especially those medications that require some level of monitoring to ensure safety and tolerability and prevent misuse, such as benzodiazepines and other psychotropic medications. In most developed countries, medications (except over-the-counter medications) are not dispensed without a physician's script. This may not be true for developing countries, like Pakistan, where nearly all medications are dispensed without a script. However, the extent and nature of script-less dispensing has never been studied. This study was designed to investigate the extent and prevalence of dispensing psychotropic medications without physicians' prescriptions, and the pharmacy practices, including the staff qualifications, to not only dispense but also recommend psychotropic medications, in Karachi, Pakistan.

Method: A Cross-sectional study was conducted in Karachi over three months (September 2021 to November 2021) with 200 pharmacists in various pharmacies, using a structured questionnaire in a convenient study sample. Pharmacists from registered pharmacies were included in the study. Statistical analysis was done using the Chi-Square test of association.

Results: Out of 200 pharmacists working at various locations, 89.0% did not required prescriptions to dispense medications, with benzodiazepines being the most frequently dispensed medication. Surprisingly, only 9.0% had a bachelor's in pharmacy and were qualified enough to legally dispense medications. 76.0% admitted to recommending medications to the patients. Since many of the pharmacists were not qualified enough to dispense medications, 78.5% mentioned that they did not had awareness regarding the abuse potential of psychotropic medications.

Conclusion: Dispensing of psychotropic medications without prescriptions and recommending such medications has been a significant issue in the past. Our study reveals this practice to be prevalent in this part of the world, posing a serious threat to the patients. Steps should be taken by the government to ensure proper dispensing of these medications having an abuse potential to prevent harm.

Keywords: Antidepressants; Dispensing; Mental health; Pharmacists; Psychiatry.